India’s Parliamentary democracy is the cornerstone of its constitutional framework, with the Lok Sabha (House of the People) serving as its directly elected and most representative chamber. Members of Parliament (MPs) in the Lok Sabha play a vital role in shaping legislation, debating national issues, approving budgets, and overseeing the executive. Understanding the terminologies, protocols, roles, and schemes that define an MP’s work is essential for navigating the complexity of parliamentary procedures, political discourse, and governance mechanisms. This A–Z Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary offers a comprehensive reference to key terms—ranging from “Adjournment Motion” to “Zero Hour”—used in debates, legislative work, and constituency development.
The glossary includes constitutional provisions, parliamentary tools, financial concepts, national schemes, and evolving topics like digital governance, climate policy, and citizen welfare. It is designed to be a ready reckoner for political science students, parliamentary staff, civil service aspirants, policy professionals, and anyone interested in Indian democracy.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – A
Adjournment Motion
A parliamentary procedure to draw attention to a definite matter of urgent public importance interrupts the House’s regular business.
Adjournment Sine Die
Termination of a sitting of the House without fixing a day or time for the next meeting.
Advisory Committee
A committee constituted to provide non-binding recommendations on various issues to Lok Sabha or government ministries.
All India Services
Services like IAS, IPS, and IFS are standard to the Union and the States. The Centre governs recruitment and conditions, but officers serve across levels. MPs often legislate on their regulation.
Amendment (to a Bill/Constitution/Resolution)
A formal change or addition proposed or made to a motion, bill, or Constitution.
Annual Financial Statement
Also known as the Budget, it is a statement of the government of India’s estimated receipts and expenditures for a financial year.
Appropriation Bill
This bill authorizes the government to withdraw funds from the Consolidated Fund of India to meet expenditures.
Assent of the President
The final step in the legislative process is when the President formally approves a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament, turning it into law.
Autonomy
The degree of self-governance granted to states, institutions, or bodies under the Indian constitutional framework.
Aye (Voting Term)
A term used during voting in Lok Sabha to signify agreement with a motion or bill (as opposed to “No” for disagreement).
Anti-Defection Law
A law aimed at preventing elected MPs from switching parties after elections, enshrined in the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution.
Adjournment Debate
A debate occurs when the House adjourns regular business to deliberate on a specific, urgent matter.
Assurances Committee
A parliamentary committee that ensures the promises and undertakings given by ministers in the House are fulfilled.
Appropriation Accounts
These show the amount of money spent by the government compared to what was initially granted by Parliament.
Article 105
Article of the Constitution that defines the powers, privileges, and immunities of MPs.
Article 110
Specifies what constitutes a Money Bill, which only Lok Sabha can introduce and pass.
Article 112
Pertains to the Annual Financial Statement (Budget) to be presented to Parliament.
Article 123
Grants the President the power to promulgate ordinances when Parliament is not in session.
Article 326
Relates to elections to the Lok Sabha and state assemblies based on adult suffrage.
Adjournment
The suspension of a sitting of the House either for a specified time or sine die (indefinitely).
Amicus Curiae
A “friend of the court” – not directly relevant to MPs but may arise in contexts of parliamentary privilege or legal scrutiny involving MPs.
Accountability
The principle is that MPs are answerable to the people and Parliament for their actions and decisions.
Affidavit
A sworn statement in writing: MPs may file affidavits about assets, criminal records, or other declarations during elections.
Alliance
A political agreement between parties to jointly contest elections or govern.
Act of Parliament
Parliament enacted a law after passage in both Houses and receiving Presidential assent.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – B
Backbencher
A Member of Parliament who does not hold a ministerial or official position usually sits behind the front rows in the House.
Bail
A legal term often discussed in debates around criminal justice reforms, where MPs might intervene on laws that govern the right to bail.
Balance of Power
Smaller parties or alliances can influence key decisions in a political situation where no single party has an absolute majority in the Lok Sabha.
Ballot
A method of voting used in parliamentary committees or internal party decisions is usually by secret vote.
Banking Regulation
MPs, especially those on financial committees, frequently debate and amend legislation related to bank governance in Parliament.
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
It is one of the major political parties in India, and it holds or has held many Lok Sabha MP positions.
Bill
A proposed law is presented for discussion and approval in the Lok Sabha. Types include Government Bills, Private Members’ Bills, and Money Bills.
Bilateral Agreement
An agreement between India and another country that may be discussed or ratified in Parliament.
Biometric Authentication
A technology-based topic debated by MPs, especially about Aadhaar and privacy laws.
Budget
The government’s Annual Financial Statement is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister and debated by MPs.
Budget Session
The Union Budget is presented and discussed in one of the three parliamentary sessions in India (the others being Monsoon and Winter).
Business Advisory Committee (BAC)
A parliamentary committee that schedules and allocates time for discussing various legislative and non-legislative business in Lok Sabha.
Broadcasting of Proceedings
The telecasting or livestreaming of Lok Sabha proceedings enables public access to MP debates and discussions.
Bye-election (By-election)
An election is held to fill a vacant Lok Sabha seat between general elections.
Breach of Privilege
MPs often discuss and take disciplinary action when a violation of Parliament or its members’ rights or immunities is raised.
Boundary Delimitation
The Delimitation Commission governs the redrawing of the boundaries of Lok Sabha constituencies based on population and demographic changes.
Bills Committee
A committee scrutinizes the bills’ clauses before the Lok Sabha passes them.
Budgetary Grants
Specific allocations approved by Lok Sabha MPs under the Budget for expenditure by different ministries and departments.
Bond (Electoral Bonds)
A financial instrument used for political donations, MPs often debate its transparency and legality.
Bureaucracy
The administrative system supports the executive and legislature; MPs frequently debate its efficiency, reforms, and accountability.
Bill Summary
A concise overview of a bill presented in Parliament, aiding MPs in understanding its scope and implications.
Binding Resolution
A formal resolution passed by Parliament that has legal or constitutional authority.
Basic Structure Doctrine
A judicial principle limiting Parliament’s power to amend certain fundamental aspects of the Constitution, MPs refer to it in constitutional debates.
Budget Estimates
Lok Sabha MPs scrutinized and debated detailed estimates of revenue and expenditure for the upcoming financial year.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – C
Cabinet
A group of senior ministers headed by the Prime Minister is responsible for key decision-making and policy formulation. MPs may question or debate Cabinet decisions in the Lok Sabha.
Calling Attention Motion
A parliamentary tool that allows MPs to call the attention of a Minister to a matter of urgent public importance and seek an official response.
Censure Motion
A motion moved by the opposition to criticize the government’s policies or actions. It does not lead to resignation but expresses disapproval.
Central Government
The Union or national government of India, whose functioning and performance are regularly debated in Lok Sabha.
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
An autonomous body created to prevent corruption in central government offices; MPs may discuss its reports in Parliament.
Chairperson (Speaker)
The presiding officer of the Lok Sabha is responsible for maintaining order and conducting the proceedings impartially.
Chartered Accountants Bill
A bill that regulates the accounting profession in India is sometimes introduced or amended with the involvement of MPs.
Chief Whip
The MP is responsible for maintaining party discipline and ensuring members attend and vote according to the party line.
Citizen’s Charter
A public document detailing services offered by government departments and the standards expected, often discussed in parliamentary reforms and debates.
Civil Services
The administrative arm of the Indian government, MPs may participate in debates or legislation affecting recruitment, training, and conduct rules.
Clause-by-Clause Consideration
Examining each bill clause in detail during the second reading is often done in committee or during full House debates.
Code of Conduct for MPs
A set of ethical and behavioral guidelines for Members of Parliament to ensure integrity, transparency, and accountability.
Coalition Government
Multiple political parties form a government, often when no single party has a majority in the Lok Sabha.
Committee System
A structure in Parliament where MPs examine bills, budgets, and policy issues in specialized committees like the Estimates Committee, Public Accounts Committee, etc.
Confidence Motion
The government introduced a motion to prove it had the majority support of the Lok Sabha.
Constituency
A Lok Sabha MP represents the geographical area. India is divided into 543 such constituencies for direct elections.
Constitutional Amendment Bill
A bill that seeks to change provisions of the Constitution. It requires a special majority to pass both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Constitutional Crisis
A situation where the country’s governance is brought to a standstill due to a conflict between state organs, often debated by MPs.
Consultative Committee
Committees are attached to ministries that include MPs and allow them to interact with ministers on policy matters.
Contempt of Parliament
Any act that obstructs the functioning or disrespects the dignity of Parliament. MPs can raise such issues for disciplinary action.
Cut Motion
MPs moved a motion to reduce the demand for grants in the Budget. Types include policy cut, economy cut, and token cut.
Council of Ministers
A body of ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
Crores (Financial Terms)
MPs frequently use this term in budgetary debates. One crore equals ten million, a standard unit in Indian financial discussions.
Cross-Voting
When an MP votes against the party line during parliamentary voting, it can lead to disqualification under the Anti-Defection Law.
Crisis Management (Parliamentary Context)
MPs participate in legislative or national crises through urgent debates, motions, and resolutions in the House.
Cabinet Secretariat
The office is responsible for administrative support to the Cabinet and facilitating inter-ministerial coordination, which MPs may question or review.
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
India’s top investigative agency. Its role and independence are often the subject of parliamentary debate.
Central Information Commission (CIC)
An authority established under the RTI Act to hear appeals and complaints. MPs play a key role in its oversight.
Consumer Protection Bill
MPs in Lok Sabha debate and pass legislative measures to protect consumer rights.
Court Intervention in Legislation
When courts review or strike down laws passed by Parliament, sparking debates on judicial overreach by MPs.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – D
Debate
A formal discussion on a particular topic in the Lok Sabha, where MPs express views for or against government policies, bills, and national issues.
Defection
The act of an MP leaving the political party on whose ticket they were elected and governed by the Anti-Defection Law under the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution.
Demand for Grants
A proposal made by the government to Parliament seeking approval to withdraw money from the Consolidated Fund of India to meet planned expenditures. Each ministry presents its demand.
Delimitation
The Delimitation Commission redraws the boundaries of Lok Sabha constituencies based on recent census data.
Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs)
Committees in Parliament are where MPs examine budget proposals, bills, and the performance of various ministries. They play a crucial role in legislative oversight.
Division (of Votes)
A formal process of recording MPs’ votes in Lok Sabha. If a voice vote is challenged, a division is ordered to count votes electronically or manually.
Disallowance of Questions
The Speaker can disallow parliamentary questions submitted by MPs if they violate rules or relate to sub judice matters.
Disqualification of MPs
The removal of an MP due to reasons such as office of profit, criminal conviction, defection, or other constitutional grounds (Articles 102 and 191).
Dissent Note
A formal note submitted by an MP in a committee report when they disagree with the majority recommendation or conclusion.
Division Bell
A bell rang in Parliament to alert MPs that voting was about to take place in the House so they could return to the chamber.
Discussion Under Rule 193
A type of discussion in Lok Sabha allows MPs to discuss matters of urgent public importance without voting or resolution.
Draft Bill
A preliminary version of a proposed law may be introduced in the Lok Sabha for debate and consideration.
Double Membership
A constitutional prohibition against any person being a member of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) simultaneously.
Duties of an MP
This includes lawmaking, representing constituents, scrutinizing the executive branch, raising issues of national interest, and serving on parliamentary committees.
Daily Order Paper
The Lok Sabha Secretariat publishes a daily document outlining the agenda and business items to be discussed in the House.
Demand for Supplementary Grants
When the government needs extra funds beyond the approved Budget, it submits a supplementary demand for MPs’ approval.
Delegated Legislation
Laws or rules made by an executive authority under powers given to them by an Act of Parliament. MPs may review these through committees.
Democracy
The foundational principle under which MPs are elected through universal adult suffrage to represent the people of India.
Dissolution of Lok Sabha
The current Lok Sabha will be terminated by the President on the advice of the Cabinet either on the expiry of its 5-year term or earlier, leading to general elections.
Discretionary Grants
MPs may disburse grants under the MPLADS (Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme) to develop constituencies.
Doctrine of Separation of Powers
A principle often discussed in Parliament concerns the separation between the legislature (Parliament), executive (government), and judiciary.
The Doctrine of Basic Structure
A constitutional doctrine upheld by the Supreme Court limits Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution beyond certain core principles.
Doordarshan (Parliament Channel)
A public service broadcaster that televises Lok Sabha proceedings live, allowing citizens to observe MPs in action.
Decorum in House
MPs must follow rules and ethical standards during Lok Sabha proceedings to maintain discipline and order.
Draft Committee (Constitution)
Historically significant: The committee chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar drafted the Indian Constitution, which MPs now frequently reference during constitutional debates.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – E
Elected Representative
Voters choose a person to represent a constituency in the Lok Sabha. MPs are elected through general elections held every five years (or earlier, in case of dissolution).
Election Commission of India (ECI)
A constitutional authority is responsible for administering elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislatures. MPs often engage with the ECI during electoral reforms.
Election Manifesto
A document released by political parties outlining promises and policy plans. MPs are held accountable for fulfilling manifesto commitments during their term.
Electoral Bond
A financial instrument for making donations to political parties. MPs have debated its transparency, legality, and implications for clean funding.
Electoral Roll
An official list of all eligible voters in a constituency. MPs often raise concerns about errors or exclusions in voter lists.
Emergency Provisions
Provisions under Articles 352, 356, and 360 of the Constitution allow the Centre to assume greater powers during crises. MPs must approve the declaration and extension of emergencies.
Estimates Committee
One of Parliament’s three key financial committees, composed of Lok Sabha MPs. It examines the budget estimates and suggests ways to improve efficiency in public spending.
Ethics Committee
A parliamentary committee that oversees the conduct of MPs, ensuring they follow the code of conduct and parliamentary decorum.
Executive
The branch of government is responsible for implementing laws. MPs in Lok Sabha play a crucial role in holding the executive accountable.
Ex-Officio Member
A person who holds a body or committee membership by their office. For example, the Speaker of Lok Sabha is an ex-officio chairperson of specific committees.
Expenditure Budget
A detailed statement outlining how government funds will be spent was presented in the Lok Sabha as part of the Union Budget.
Expulsion of an MP
A resolution passed by the House is required to remove an MP from the Lok Sabha due to unethical conduct, criminal conviction, or rule violation.
Explanation under Rule 377
Rule 377 of Lok Sabha allows MPs to raise matters that cannot be brought under regular motions, debates, or questions by giving short explanations.
Economic Survey
An annual document presented before the Union Budget outlining the state of the economy. MPs debate it to discuss economic direction and policy.
Entry 82 (Union List)
Refers to income tax legislation under the Constitution. MPs deliberate such entries while discussing taxation laws in the Lok Sabha.
Equal Representation
A concept in electoral and legislative theory. While Lok Sabha representation is population-based, MPs often raise issues ensuring fair regional representation.
Equal Remuneration Act
Legislation to ensure equal pay for equal work regardless of gender is often amended or reviewed through bills debated by MPs.
Equality Before Law
A fundamental right under Article 14. Frequently discussed in Parliament when MPs raise questions on discrimination or legal reforms.
Environment (Protection) Act
A major environmental law that MPs review and debate when environmental issues or development policies are discussed.
Excise Duty
A form of indirect tax levied on goods manufactured in India. Changes to excise rates are debated and passed in Lok Sabha as part of the Finance Bill.
E-Governance
The use of digital platforms to deliver government services. MPs often promote e-governance for transparency and efficiency in public administration.
E-Voting
Electronic voting systems are used in elections and sometimes in internal parliamentary procedures. MPs discuss its security and integrity.
Empowered Group of Ministers (EGoM)
A group constituted by the Cabinet to make collective decisions on specific issues. The decisions may be reviewed or questioned by MPs in Parliament.
Estimate of Revenue and Expenditure
MPs discussed detailed financial projections during the Budget Session to approve spending plans for the government.
Employment Guarantee Schemes
Government programs like MGNREGA are often debated in the Lok Sabha regarding performance, budget allocation, and impact on rural development.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – F
Fact-Finding Committee
A temporary committee investigates specific issues, incidents, or grievances raised in Parliament or by the Public. MPs may be nominated to serve on such committees.
Finance Bill
A key bill outlining the year’s government taxation proposals was introduced in the Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha must pass it to implement the Union Budget.
Financial Year
The 12 months used for budgeting and accounting in India (April 1 – March 31). Lok Sabha MPs examine all financial bills and statements for this period.
First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)
The electoral system is used for Lok Sabha elections, where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins, even without an absolute majority.
Floor of the House
Refers to the physical space in Lok Sabha where debates, discussions, and voting take place. MPs are granted the right to speak on the floor under specific rules.
Floor Test
A test was used to prove whether the ruling party or coalition had the majority support in the House. It was conducted by ordering a division of votes.
Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA)
Legislation that regulates foreign donations to individuals and organizations. MPs may raise debates around FCRA approvals and violations.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Investment from foreign entities in Indian businesses. MPs often discuss FDI caps, sectors allowed, and implications in the Lok Sabha.
Free Speech (Parliamentary Privilege)
MPs enjoy freedom of speech within Parliament under Article 105, allowing them to express views without fear of legal consequences—subject to rules of procedure and conduct.
Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT)
A form of taxation on perks provided by employers to employees. Although abolished, discussions around similar levies may be revived in financial debates by MPs.
Front Benchers
MPs who sit on the first row of the House, typically ministers or senior party members. They often lead the party’s presentations and responses during debates.
Full Budget
A detailed financial statement of expenditures and revenues is presented annually in the Lok Sabha. This differs from an interim budget, which may be given before general elections.
Fund Allocation
Financial resources are distributed to different ministries, schemes, and constituencies. MPs scrutinize and approve fund allocations during Budget Sessions.
Fundamental Duties
A set of moral obligations listed in Article 51A of the Constitution. Though not enforceable by law, MPs often refer to these during civic and national responsibilities debates.
Fundamental Rights
The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights (Articles 12–35). MPs discuss these while legislating or when addressing citizen grievances.
Finance Ministry
One of the most significant ministries represented in the Lok Sabha is the Finance Ministry. It presents the Union Budget and deals with fiscal matters debated by MPs.
Federal Structure
The division of powers between the Centre and States in India. MPs often debate issues that test the boundaries of federalism, especially in finance and law enforcement.
Filibuster (Rare in India)
Making long speeches is a tactic used to delay proceedings. While more common in some Western parliaments, Lok Sabha MPs are subject to stricter speaking time limits.
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act
A law promoting responsible fiscal management by the government. MPs review the government’s compliance with FRBM targets annually.
Food Security Act
A landmark welfare legislation providing subsidized food grains to eligible households. MPs have debated its implementation, scope, and fiscal implications.
Form of Oath or Affirmation
Every MP must take an oath or affirmation before taking their seat in the Lok Sabha, pledging allegiance to the Constitution of India.
Freedom of Information
This is closely related to the Right to Information (RTI) Act. MPs debate transparency and public access to government records.
Foreign Policy Debate
MPs discuss and analyze India’s diplomatic relations, trade agreements, and international treaties during specific sessions or urgent matters.
Frontline Sectors
Sectors like health, defense, and education receive priority in parliamentary debates, especially during crisis discussions or budget allocations.
Finance Commission
A constitutional body that recommends the distribution of taxes between the Centre and States. MPs review its reports and debate recommendations in the Lok Sabha.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – G
Gazette of India
The official government publication where all Acts of Parliament, ordinances, notifications, and appointments are published. Acts passed in Lok Sabha are notified here.
General Elections
Nationwide elections are held to elect Members of the Lok Sabha, usually every five years. MPs are elected through this democratic process.
Governor
The President of India appoints the constitutional head of a state. While not directly part of the Lok Sabha, MPs often discuss center–state relations involving Governors.
Government Bill
A minister in the Lok Sabha introduces a legislative proposal. It differs from a Private Member’s Bill, which an MP who is not a minister introduces.
Government Business
The official legislative business includes introducing bills, motions, and policies presented by ministers in Parliament.
Grants-in-Aid
The central government provides financial assistance to states or bodies. This assistance is debated and approved in the Lok Sabha during the budget process.
Green Budgeting
The practice of assessing the environmental implications of government budgets. MPs may advocate for sustainability-focused fiscal policies.
Green Revolution
An agricultural movement leading to increased crop production. MPs often refer to this during debates on food security and farmer welfare.
Ground-Level Implementation
A term used by MPs to refer to how central schemes or laws are executed in their constituencies. Discrepancies are often highlighted during Zero Hour or debates.
Governing Party
The government is formed by the political party or alliance with a majority in the Lok Sabha. MPs from the ruling party usually occupy the front benches.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
MPs frequently reference the total value of goods and services produced in the country in economic debates and budget discussions.
Group of Ministers (GoM)
The Union Cabinet formed a panel to focus on decision-making on specific issues. MPs may review or discuss the outcomes of GoMs.
Grievance Redressal Mechanism
A system for addressing public complaints, often discussed by MPs when raising constituency issues or service delivery concerns.
Guarantee Act (e.g., MGNREGA)
Legislation that guarantees rights or entitlements—e.g., the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act ensures minimum work days—is regularly discussed in Lok Sabha.
Guidelines
Official procedural instructions issued by ministries or statutory bodies. MPs often seek clarifications or modifications through parliamentary questions or debates.
Gender Budgeting
An approach to budgeting that considers the different impacts on men and women. MPs may push for increased gender-responsive allocations.
Governing Council of NITI Aayog
A body comprising the PM and Chief Ministers, influencing economic and policy directions. MPs often reference its decisions in House discussions.
Government Accountability
One of the fundamental duties of MPs is to hold the executive accountable through questions, debates, and committee oversight.
Governor’s Address (Joint Sitting)
At the state level, the Governor addresses the legislature, similar to the President’s Address at the national level, which MPs discuss in Parliament.
General Discussion on Budget
A non-voting discussion in the Lok Sabha where MPs offer views on the Union Budget before demand-by-demand voting begins.
Gross Negligence (By Public Servants)
A term that may be raised in Parliament when MPs highlight failures of government departments or officials.
Government Resolution
A formal statement moved by the government in Parliament. MPs debate and vote on such resolutions when needed.
Gag Order (Not Official)
An informal reference to suppression or restriction of debate. MPs may accuse the government or Speaker of imposing a “gag” if time limits restrict open discussion.
Geopolitical Interests
A subject of debate in foreign policy discussions in Lok Sabha. MPs assess how international decisions affect India’s global standing.
Government of India Act, 1935
A historic legislative framework before independence. Often referenced in parliamentary debates on constitutional evolution.
Good Governance Day
This governance concept, celebrated on December 25 in honor of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, is a key focus in parliamentary discussions and policy reviews.
Gender Representation in Parliament
An issue often raised by MPs advocating for more women in the Lok Sabha and calling for reforms like the Women’s Reservation Bill.
General Clauses Act
A law providing definitions and standard rules for the interpretation of legislative terms. Often cited in parliamentary legal references.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – H
House
Refers to the Lok Sabha (House of the People), where elected Members of Parliament meet to legislate, debate, and hold the government accountable.
Hung Parliament
A situation where no single party or pre-poll alliance has a majority in the Lok Sabha, often resulting in coalition governments or political instability.
House Committee
A Lok Sabha committee that manages residential and other facilities for MPs during their tenure in Parliament.
Human Rights
A recurring topic in Lok Sabha debates. MPs address issues related to protecting and violating fundamental human rights within the country.
Half-an-Hour Discussion
A brief discussion in Lok Sabha allowed on a matter of sufficient public importance, usually arising from a question already answered.
Health and Family Welfare
This is a significant subject of debate, particularly regarding public health schemes, national health policies, epidemics, and the functioning of the Ministry of Health.
House Privileges
MPs enjoy special rights within Parliament, such as freedom of speech in the House. Violations may lead to breach of privilege motions.
High Court
The highest judicial authority in a state. While not directly part of the Lok Sabha, MPs often discuss its jurisdiction, appointments, and decisions during debates on judicial reforms.
Hybrid Session
A format of parliamentary session allowing both in-person and virtual participation. Adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic and debated for future use.
Hostel Accommodation (MPs)
MPs are provided with government hostels or residential accommodation in New Delhi during their term, which the House Housing Committee manages.
Human Trafficking
This is a serious issue raised in the Lok Sabha, often in the context of law enforcement, border security, women’s safety, and international cooperation.
House of the People
The official name for the Lok Sabha, as mentioned in the Constitution under Article 81.
Home Ministry (MHA)
A central ministry that oversees internal security, law and order, and disaster management. MPs frequently raise questions or move motions regarding its functioning.
House Proceedings
The official activities and business conducted in the Lok Sabha include debates, question hours, motions, and bill passages.
Health Budget
The financial allocation for the health sector was discussed during the Union Budget session. MPs debate its adequacy, implementation, and outcomes.
Humanitarian Assistance
India provides aid to other countries or states during disasters or crises. MPs review such decisions during foreign policy or emergency debates.
Higher Education Bills
Bills introduced to reform universities, technical institutes, or funding mechanisms in higher education—are often discussed at length by MPs.
House Disruption
When MPs stall proceedings through protests, sloganeering, or walkouts, while this highlights urgent demands, the Speaker frowns upon repeated disruption.
Hostile Amendment
An amendment to a bill or motion proposed by an MP that opposes or alters its original intention—often leading to heated debates.
House Leader
The Prime Minister is the Leader of the Lok Sabha if from the ruling party. The Leader of the House represents the government’s position in key discussions.
House Records
All debates, questions, answers, and committee reports are officially archived and publicly accessible. MPs use these records for research and referencing.
Human Resource Development (HRD)
Former name of the Ministry of Education. MPs discuss HRD policies concerning skill development, school reforms, and curriculum regulation.
House Attendance
MPs’ attendance records are maintained and published. Low attendance is sometimes criticized and raised in public or party forums.
Harassment in the Workplace (POSH Act)
The Protection of Women from Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act is often referred to during debates on women’s rights and MP conduct.
House Motion
A formal proposal made by an MP for discussion or decision by the House includes adjournment, no-confidence, and privilege motions.
Housing Schemes
MPs often debate schemes like PM Awas Yojana or state housing policies, especially in discussions on urban development and social welfare.
Hydropower Projects
Frequently debated in the context of energy security, environment, and inter-state disputes. MPs raise issues of displacement, rehabilitation, and ecological concerns.
Host State Issues
MPs sometimes raise constituency-level issues regarding treatment or decisions the host (state) government makes, especially if they are from opposition parties.
Heritage Protection
MPs may move motions or ask questions regarding preserving cultural, architectural, or national heritage sites.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – I
Indian Constitution
The supreme law of India lays down the framework for the political principles, structure, powers, and duties of government institutions and MPs.
Indian Parliament
The supreme legislative body comprises the President, the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha MPs form one of its two houses.
Introduction of Bill
The formal process of presenting draft legislation in Lok Sabha by a minister or private member for debate and eventual passage.
Instruments of Parliamentary Control
MPs use tools like Question Hour, Zero Hour, Motions, Debates, and Committees to hold the executive accountable.
Indian Penal Code (IPC)
The primary criminal code in India is the Criminal Code. MPs often debate amendments or propose changes to address crime, justice, and social order.
Impeachment
The process for removing high constitutional authorities such as the President or judges of the Supreme Court. MPs in both houses participate in this procedure.
Incumbent
The current political or official office holder refers to MPs or Ministers currently in office.
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
An international organization of national parliaments. Indian MPs from Lok Sabha may represent the country at IPU conferences.
Indian Citizenship Act
The law governing the acquisition and termination of Indian citizenship is frequently discussed in the context of immigration, NRC, and CAA.
Independence of Judiciary
This principle is often raised in the Lok Sabha when MPs debate judicial reforms, appointments, and the constitutional balance between government organs.
India’s Foreign Policy
This is a critical area of debate, especially when the government enters treaties or bilateral/multilateral agreements or responds to international events.
The interest of the Public
A foundational principle for MPs in debates or passing laws is that every law must serve the public interest.
Inter-State Water Disputes
MPs often debate river-sharing disputes between states, which are handled under specific tribunals or by central intervention.
Infrastructure Projects
National transport, energy, and public utilities projects are key areas of concern for MPs, and these are discussed in budget debates and questions.
Inclusive Growth
A recurring theme in MP speeches is ensuring that economic growth benefits all sections of society, especially marginalized groups.
Indian Evidence Act
It governs the admissibility of evidence in courts. MPs debate changes to this act as part of judicial or legal reforms.
Investiture Ceremony
Though not a direct Lok Sabha matter, MPs sometimes attend or refer to ceremonial honors conferred by the President, such as the Padma Awards.
India Code
A digital repository of central acts is available to MPs and the Public for reference during lawmaking and debate.
Information Technology Act
This law regulates digital behavior, cybercrime, and data security. MPs frequently discuss amendments in light of new technology challenges.
Industrial Policy
Guidelines and laws shaping industrial development in India. MPs debate policy shifts, privatization, and industrial incentives.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
A legal regime concerning patents, copyrights, trademarks, etc., debated in Lok Sabha in the context of innovation and international trade.
Indian National Congress (INC)
One of the major political parties in India. Its MPs have played crucial roles historically and in modern parliamentary functioning.
Internal Security
The Ministry of Home Affairs manages internal security and is frequently the subject of MP queries and debates, especially during crises.
India–State Relations
Constitutional and administrative relations between the Centre and States are regularly debated in Lok Sabha during federal disputes.
India Rankings (e.g., Ease of Doing Business, Global Hunger Index)
MPs use such indices to critique or support government policies and assess development progress.
Immunities of MPs
Article 105 outlines special rights, such as freedom of speech in Parliament and protection from arrest in certain situations.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – J
Joint Sitting of Parliament
A session where both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha meet together to deliberate and vote on specific legislation, especially when there’s a deadlock (Article 108). Presided over by the Speaker of Lok Sabha.
Judiciary
MPs are one of the three pillars of Indian democracy (along with the Legislature and Executive). They often discuss judicial reforms, judiciary independence, and appointments.
Judicial Review
The power of the judiciary to review laws passed by Parliament for constitutional validity. Lok Sabha MPs may discuss the scope and limits of judicial review.
Jan Lokpal Bill
Civil society activists originally drafted a significant anti-corruption bill. The bill sparked national debate and was eventually discussed and passed in Parliament.
JPC (Joint Parliamentary Committee)
A special committee composed of members from both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to investigate specific matters of national importance (e.g., 2G scam, stock market scams). MPs may demand a JPC for in-depth inquiry.
Jurisdiction
The legal scope or authority of Parliament or courts. MPs discuss jurisdictional issues when framing or amending laws.
Jail Reforms
Lok Sabha debates and committee reports occasionally raise topics like overcrowding, prisoners’ rights, and rehabilitation.
Jan Dhan Yojana
The government of India launched a flagship financial inclusion scheme. MPs assess its performance and impact on rural and urban constituents.
Jan Aushadhi Scheme
A government scheme aimed at providing affordable medicines. MPs discuss its implementation, reach, and funding.
Juvenile Justice Act
Key legislation was discussed and amended in Parliament, especially after crimes involving juveniles. Lok Sabha MPs play a central role in reforming this law.
Judicial Reforms
Changes proposed or enacted to improve the judiciary’s functioning, efficiency, and transparency are often discussed in Lok Sabha as part of law reform.
Joint Committee on Offices of Profit
A parliamentary committee examines whether any office held by an MP should disqualify them under the office of profit clause.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – K
KYC (Know Your Customer)
Financial institutions regulate it, which is often debated in the Lok Sabha regarding digital identity, financial inclusion, and anti-money laundering efforts.
Kisan Credit Card (KCC)
A scheme that provides timely credit to farmers for agricultural needs. MPs frequently raise issues related to implementation, loan disbursals, and interest waivers.
Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)
A central government income support scheme for farmers. Lok Sabha MPs often question its budget allocation, coverage, and benefit distribution.
Kerala Model of Development
It is a term used to describe Kerala’s emphasis on human development indicators like literacy and healthcare, and MPs often use it during state comparison debates.
Kharif Crops
Crops are sown at the beginning of the monsoon (June) and harvested in autumn (September–October). MPs from agrarian regions often discuss Kharif-related policies and MSPs.
Kisan Andolan
Parliament often cites Farmer protests or movements as matters of urgent public concern. MPs may raise them during Zero Hour or Adjournment Motions.
Kasturirangan Committee
Refers to various expert committees headed by Dr. K. Kasturirangan, including those on education policy and the Western Ghats. MPs debate such reports extensively.
Knowledge-Economy
A term used in policy debates and Lok Sabha discussions to emphasize education, innovation, and digital literacy in India’s economic development.
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)
A statutory body promoting rural employment. MPs from rural constituencies often support enhanced funding and reforms for KVIC.
Khelo India Programme
A national initiative to promote youth sports. MPs evaluate its regional implementation and funding in youth affairs discussions.
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
There is a significant nuclear facility in Tamil Nadu. MPs have discussed environmental safety issues, foreign collaboration, and local protests in Parliament.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – L
Lok Sabha
The Lower House of the Indian Parliament, also known as the “House of the People.” The Public directly elects members (MPs).
Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)
Usually, the Prime Minister or a senior cabinet minister, this MP leads the ruling party in the Lok Sabha and coordinates government business.
Leader of the Opposition (Lok Sabha)
The MP who heads the largest party not in government is officially recognized if the party holds at least 10% of the total seats.
Legislation
The process of making laws. Lok Sabha MPs introduce, debate, amend, and vote on bills.
Legal Metrology Act
Law regulating weights and measures in India. MPs sometimes debate amendments to ensure consumer protection and fair trade practices.
Leave of Absence (MPs)
MPs must seek formal permission from the Speaker when unable to attend a session for an extended period.
Labour Laws
A group of laws regulating employment and labor rights. MPs often debate reforms like the Labour Codes in Lok Sabha.
List of Business
The official daily schedule published by the Lok Sabha Secretariat outlines the agenda and business to be transacted.
Lok Adalat
A system of alternative dispute resolution discussed by MPs in debates on judicial access and efficiency.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – M
Member of Parliament (MP)
An elected representative in the Lok Sabha (Lower House) or Rajya Sabha (Upper House). The people of India directly elect Lok Sabha MPs.
Money Bill
A type of bill exclusively dealing with taxes, borrowing, or government spending, introduced only in the Lok Sabha under Article 110 of the Constitution.
Motion
A formal proposal by an MP for the House to take action or express an opinion. Types include adjournment motions, no-confidence motions, and privilege motions.
Motion of No Confidence
A formal resolution moved by opposition MPs declaring that the government no longer has the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha. If passed, the government must resign.
Matters Under Rule 377
A procedural device that allows MPs to raise matters of public importance that do not fall under regular business.
Midday Meal Scheme
MPs discussed a major school welfare scheme regarding funding, nutrition standards, and implementation challenges.
Minority Rights
MPs often discuss the protection and empowerment of religious, linguistic, and ethnic minorities in legislative debates.
Motions of Privilege
Raised by MPs when they believe any person, authority, or institution has violated their parliamentary privileges.
Monetary Policy
The Reserve Bank of India controls it, yet it is frequently debated in Parliament as it affects inflation, interest rates, and economic growth.
Ministerial Responsibility
A foundational principle of parliamentary democracy is that ministers (and, through them, the executive) are collectively and individually accountable to Lok Sabha MPs.
Media Regulation
MPs frequently debate the role, ethics, and legal framework for media houses, especially in the age of digital and social media.
Minimum Support Price (MSP)
The guaranteed price at which the government procures crops from farmers. MPs from agricultural regions actively engage in MSP policy discussions.
Municipal Governance
Local urban administration is often discussed in the context of the devolution of powers and the 74th Constitutional Amendment.
Model Code of Conduct (MCC)
Guidelines enforced by the Election Commission during elections. MPs must adhere to these and often debate alleged violations.
Marginalized Communities
MPs advocate for social justice, inclusion, and welfare schemes for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC).
Motion of Confidence
The prime minister or government made a motion to prove that it still enjoys the confidence of the majority in the Lok Sabha.
Monopoly and Competition
Economic issues are debated under laws like the Competition Act. MPs discuss market fairness, consumer rights, and corporate influence.
Ministerial Statement
A minister in Lok Sabha formally explained the government’s position or policy on pressing national matters.
Majority Rule
A democratic principle is followed in parliamentary voting, where a simple majority of MPs present and voting passes a decision.
Member’s Private Bill
A bill introduced by an MP who is not a minister. Although rare, these bills allow MPs to propose legislation independently.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – N
National Assembly
A general term used globally, the Lok Sabha is equivalent to India. MPs represent constituencies from across the nation in this democratic body.
National Commission
Various statutory bodies, such as the National Commission for SCs, STs, Women, Minorities, etc., are overseen and discussed by MPs in Lok Sabha.
National Emergency
Proclaimed under Article 352 of the Constitution during war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. It must be approved by both Houses of Parliament, including Lok Sabha MPs.
Nominated Member
In the Lok Sabha, the President may nominate two members from the Anglo-Indian community (if necessary). In Rajya Sabha, 12 members with special knowledge are nominated.
Notice of Motion
A formal communication submitted by an MP to move a motion for debate or vote. This includes notices for adjournment, lack of confidence, or calling attention motions.
No-Confidence Motion
MPs moved a motion expressing that the government no longer enjoys majority support in Lok Sabha. If passed, the government must resign.
NITI Aayog
The policy think tank that replaced the Planning Commission reviews MPs’ roles in policymaking, state coordination, and economic strategies.
National Policy
A comprehensive directive framework issued by the government (e.g., National Education Policy, National Health Policy). MPs debate such policies in Parliament.
National Security
MPs constantly focus on this area. Debates may involve border security, defense budgets, cyber threats, and terrorism laws.
National Development Council (NDC)
Earlier, it was a platform for discussing development plans between the Centre and the States. Though defunct now, MPs often reference its contributions historically.
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Chaired by the Prime Minister, MPs debate NDMA’s functioning during times of disaster or emergency.
National Data Governance Policy
MPs discuss data privacy, cybersecurity, and citizens’ digital rights.
Nationalism
MPs often invoke a philosophical and political concept during patriotic or ideological debates.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – O
Oath or Affirmation
Before taking their seat, every MP must take an oath or affirm under Article 99 of the Constitution, pledging allegiance to the Constitution of India.
Office of Profit
A position that brings financial gain or benefits and may disqualify an MP under Article 102(1)(a) unless exempted by law. Often debated in Parliament.
Ordinance
The President of India promulgated a temporary law when Parliament was not in session. MPs must approve it within six weeks of the next session.
Opposition
Refers to the political parties, not in government. The Leader of the Opposition plays a critical role in checks and balances in the Lok Sabha.
Outlay
The estimated expenditures are in the Budget. MPs discuss plan and non-plan outlays during the General Budget and Demand Grants.
Open Government Data (OGD)
Government initiative to make datasets public for transparency. MPs promote data-driven policy discussions and digital transparency.
Oversight Function
One of the key roles of MPs. They scrutinize the executive’s work through committees, questions, and debates.
Outstanding Parliamentary Questions
MPs submitted questions that were not answered due to a lack of time or data. These may be reintroduced in future sessions.
Office Procedure (Lok Sabha)
Refers to the rules and protocols followed by the Lok Sabha Secretariat in handling parliamentary documentation, motions, and questions.
Official Secrets Act
A colonial-era law regulating access to classified government information. MPs often raise concerns about its relevance in the RTI era.
Opinion Polls
Surveys conducted before or after elections. While unofficial, MPs and political parties monitor these closely to assess public sentiment.
Outcome Budget
A performance-based budgeting format that links funds allocated with measurable outcomes. MPs review these to track the effectiveness of schemes.
Obituary Reference
A formal tribute was paid in Lok Sabha to deceased members, national figures, or global personalities. The House observes silence and may adjourn.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – P
Parliament of India
The supreme legislative authority comprises the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha MPs form the directly elected House.
Private Member’s Bill
This bill was introduced by an MP who is not a minister. Although rarely passed, it reflects legislative initiatives from non-executive members.
Presiding Officer
Refers to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, who conducts House proceedings and ensures rules are followed.
Public Interest
A guiding principle for MPs when raising constituency issues, introducing bills, or debating matters of national significance.
Panchayati Raj
The decentralized governance system at the village level. MPs support the effective implementation and funding of this local body system.
Public Undertakings Committee
A parliamentary committee that examines the performance and finances of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs).
Parliamentary Question
MPs have the right to ask the government for information. Divided into Starred, Unstarred, Short Notice, and Supplementary Questions.
Parliamentary Session
The period during which Parliament meets to transact business. Includes Budget, Monsoon, and Winter Sessions.
Parliamentary Constituency
A Lok Sabha MP represents the geographic area. India has 543 such constituencies.
Policy Cut Motion
A motion that suggests reducing demand for a grant to express disapproval of a specific policy.
Planning Commission (Historical)
NITI Aayog replaced a now-defunct body and is still referenced in historical debates and development models.
Pro Tem Speaker
A temporary Speaker is appointed to conduct the first sitting of a newly elected Lok Sabha until the regular Speaker is elected.
Presiding Chair (Speaker’s Chair)
The Speaker or Deputy Speaker occupies the official chair during House proceedings.
Private Members’ Day
Typically observed on Fridays, non-ministerial MPs may introduce and debate private member bills and resolutions.
Parliamentary Affairs Ministry
A ministry that coordinates legislative work between the government and Parliament. MPs interact with it for scheduling, business listing, etc.
Panel of Chairpersons
A group of senior MPs nominated by the Speaker to preside over the House in their absence.
Party Whip
An official directive issued by a political party to its MPs to vote in a particular manner. Disobedience may lead to disciplinary action or disqualification under the Anti-Defection Law.
Prorogation
The President’s formal ending of a parliamentary session is based on Cabinet recommendation.
Post Legislative Scrutiny
The process where MPs, often via standing committees, review the implementation and impact of laws passed by Parliament.
Parliamentary Research Service
Provides research support to MPs, especially those without extensive party or staff backing, so that they can effectively participate in legislative work.
Preamble of the Constitution
MPs often invoke the introductory statement of the Indian Constitution during constitutional debates.
Public Grievance Redressal
MPs raise constituent issues in Parliament and committees, demanding effective redressal mechanisms across ministries.
Parliamentary Approval
Mandatory for certain key decisions such as Budget, Ordinances, Constitutional Amendments, Treaties (in some contexts), and Emergency Proclamations.
Press Gallery
Designated space in the Lok Sabha for accredited journalists to report on proceedings. MPs sometimes raise issues of media ethics and press freedom.
PDS (Public Distribution System)
A food security program distributing subsidized grains. MPs frequently debate its performance and delivery mechanisms.
Parliamentary Training Institute (BPST)
The Bureau of Parliamentary Studies and Training provides training and orientation to new MPs and parliamentary staff.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – Q
Question Hour
The first Hour of every Lok Sabha sitting (usually from 11:00 AM to 12:00 Noon) is when MPs ask Ministers about their ministries’ work. This is one of the most important accountability tools available to MPs.
Question
An MP raises a formal query to seek information or action from the government. Questions are submitted in advance and may be answered orally or in writing.
Quorum
As per Article 100 (3) of the Constitution, the minimum number of MPs required to be present to conduct proceedings in the Lok Sabha is one-tenth of the total membership (i.e., at least 55 members in the Lok Sabha).
Question Paper
A document listing the questions admitted for the day, arranged by order and category (Starred/Unstarred), was circulated to all MPs.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – R
Rajya Sabha
The Upper House of Parliament. While Lok Sabha MPs belong to the Lower House, both Houses participate in the legislative process except for Money Bills.
Ruling Party
The political party or coalition that has a majority in the Lok Sabha and forms the government. Its MPs often lead legislative and executive decisions.
Reports of Parliamentary Committees
Committees like PAC, Estimates Committee, and Standing Committees submit reports to Parliament, which MPs use for further debate and action.
Rashtrapati Bhavan
The official residence of the President of India. While not directly under MP activity, many official state functions involve MPs.
Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD)
A regional political party that has had representation in the Lok Sabha. MPs from such parties contribute to coalition politics.
Re-election
A by-election is held when an MP’s seat is vacated due to resignation, death, or disqualification. MPs and parties contest again to fill the seat.
Rural Development Ministry
MPs oversee key welfare schemes like PMAY-Gramin and MGNREGA. They often ask questions or suggest reforms related to rural India.
Raj Dharma
This term is often invoked in debates to refer to the ethical conduct expected from governments and MPs in governance and public life.
Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)
A national political party with a stronghold in Bihar. MPs from RJD play an active role in social justice and federalism issues.
RTE Act (Right to Education)
The law that makes elementary education a fundamental right. MPs debate implementation, funding, and its impact in rural and urban areas.
Rule 193 (Short Duration Discussion)
Allows MPs to raise issues of urgent public importance without a formal motion or vote.
Rule 377
Let MPs raise matters of public importance, not under any motion or question, through short written submissions.
Rajya Sabha vs. Lok Sabha Powers
A comparison often made in debates—while both Houses are essential, Lok Sabha holds greater power on Money Bills and confidence in government.
Revenue Bills
Bills relating to taxation and financial matters. MPs in Lok Sabha exclusively discuss and vote on Money Bills.
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)
A socio-cultural organization often referenced by MPs in ideological debates. Though not part of Parliament, its influence is frequently discussed.
Rajya Sabha Nomination
Though this does not apply to the Upper House, Lok Sabha MPs may discuss the role and influence of nominated members in legislation.
Right to Information (RTI)
A transparency law is frequently discussed by MPs regarding amendments, implementation, and exemptions.
Revenue Sharing with States
A topic debated during Finance Commission reports. Lok Sabha MPs from states often raise concerns about fair allocation.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – S
Speaker of Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha’s presiding officer is responsible for maintaining order, interpreting rules, and conducting proceedings impartially.
Starred Question
A question asked by an MP requiring an oral answer in the House, allowing for supplementary questions.
Standing Committee
Permanent parliamentary committees, including departmentally related committees, where MPs examine bills, budgets, and policies in detail.
Special Mention
A method for MPs to raise matters of public importance in Lok Sabha, especially during the Zero Hour.
Social Justice
A guiding principle in Indian legislation and debates, including affirmative action, gender equality, and welfare schemes.
Sansad TV (Formerly Lok Sabha TV)
The official broadcaster of parliamentary proceedings and related content. MPs are often featured in panel discussions and debates.
Security Clearance
This is a topic of concern in the defense, telecom, and infrastructure sectors. MPs often raise questions about how clearances are granted.
Supplementary Demands for Grants
The government seeks additional budget allocations after the passage of the annual Budget. Requires Lok Sabha approval.
Select List (Lok Sabha Secretariat)
A list of admitted questions, motions, and items scheduled for business. MPs monitor this for participation.
Special Leave Petition (SLP)
A Supreme Court appeal mechanism. While a judicial matter, MPs often refer to SLP outcomes during debates on law and justice.
Sedition Law (Section 124A IPC)
A colonial-era law regarding freedom of expression and national security was debated extensively in Lok Sabha.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – T
Tenth Schedule
Also known as the Anti-Defection Law, it outlines the grounds on which MPs can be disqualified for defection from their party.
Token Cut Motion
A type of motion where an MP proposes a symbolic reduction of ₹100 in a budgetary demand to register dissatisfaction with a specific policy or administration.
Taxation Laws
Laws dealing with direct and indirect taxes. Lok Sabha MPs debate changes to Income Tax, GST, Customs, and Excise laws.
Tenure of Lok Sabha
The maximum tenure is five years from its first sitting. It can be extended during a national emergency or dissolved earlier.
Territorial Constituency
An MP represents the defined geographic area. India has 543 Lok Sabha constituencies.
Treaty Ratification
Though India follows the executive model of treaty-making, MPs debate the implications of international treaties during discussions of foreign affairs.
Tribunal
Specialized quasi-judicial bodies like NCLT, NGT, etc. MPs discuss tribunal reforms and appointments in legislative debates.
Time Allocation Committee
Determines how much time will be allocated to various parties or MPs for debating bills and motions in the House.
Tax-to-GDP Ratio
MPs often referenced A fiscal indicator during economic and Budget debates to analyze revenue generation efficiency.
Toll Roads and NH Projects
MPs raise queries about toll rates, highway development, public-private partnerships, and connectivity under the Ministry of Road Transport.
Thematic Parliamentary Reports
Committees or NGOs published reports focused on specific themes—such as women’s safety, rural education, or digital governance—and MPs discussed them.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – U
Unstarred Question
A written question for which an MP receives a written reply. No supplementary questions can be asked in the House.
Union Budget
The Finance Minister presents the annual financial statement in the Lok Sabha, detailing revenue, expenditures, and government priorities. MPs debate and vote on it.
Union Government
The central government of India is responsible for matters listed in the Union List of the Constitution. MPs of the Lok Sabha form the core of legislative oversight over the Union Government.
Union List
One of the three lists in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. It contains subjects on which only the Parliament (not state legislatures) can make laws.
Upper House (Rajya Sabha)
The second chamber of the Indian Parliament. Though Lok Sabha MPs belong to the Lower House, both Houses share lawmaking responsibilities, except for Money Bills, where Lok Sabha holds supremacy.
Unconstitutional Law
A law declared invalid by the judiciary for violating provisions of the Constitution. MPs may debate such verdicts or propose amended versions of the law.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – V
Vote
The fundamental democratic process by which Lok Sabha MPs are elected and participate in decision-making (e.g., passing bills, motions, budgets).
Voice Vote
A standard voting method in the Lok Sabha is for MPs to express their support or opposition by saying “Aye” or “No.” The Speaker decides based on the volume of voices unless a division is demanded.
Vote on Account
A provision that allows the government to draw money from the Consolidated Fund of India for essential expenses until the full Union Budget is passed. Debated and passed by Lok Sabha MPs.
Voting Rights
Citizens elect MPs through universal adult suffrage. MPs also exercise voting rights in the House to pass bills and motions.
Voter Turnout
MPs refer to voter participation data when discussing the health of democracy or issues like electoral reform and apathy.
Vigilance Commission
Refers to the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), an anti-corruption body. MPs review its reports and performance in combating corruption.
Veto Power (President)
The President of India can withhold assent to specific bills. MPs discuss such cases, especially with Private Members’ Bills or controversial legislation.
Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS)
MPs often discuss this issue during labor reform debates, especially in the context of public sector undertakings and worker welfare.
Vacancy in Lok Sabha
This occurs due to an MP’s resignation, death, disqualification, or expulsion. The seat is filled through a by-election.
Valedictory Session
The final session of a Lok Sabha term or a Parliament session. Includes speeches by MPs reflecting on proceedings and achievements.
Vote Bank Politics
A term used in political discourse when MPs discuss or criticize policies made to favor particular communities or castes for electoral gain.
Vice-President of India
Though more related to the Rajya Sabha, MPs sometimes mention the Vice President’s role in parliamentary speeches or constitutional debates.
Village Parliament (Gram Sabha)
A democratic local body often referenced by MPs when discussing Panchayati Raj, rural governance, and decentralization.
Vote of Thanks (President’s Address)
A formal motion in Lok Sabha following the President’s Address at the start of the Budget session. MPs debate the government’s policy agenda through this motion.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – W
Whip
An official instruction issued by a political party to its MPs to vote in a particular manner in the House. Disobeying a whip can lead to disqualification under the Anti-Defection Law.
Walkout
A form of protest where MPs leave the House to express strong disagreement or dissatisfaction with the government’s response or decision.
Working Days of Parliament
The number of days the Lok Sabha meets in a year. MPs often advocate for increasing productivity and ensuring full attendance.
Waste Management Policy
Discussed under urban governance and environment. MPs raise concerns regarding solid waste, sewage treatment, and plastic ban policies.
Withdrawal of Bill
A procedure where the government or the private member who introduced a bill formally retracts it from further consideration.
Working Committee of a Party
The highest decision-making body in political parties. While internal, MPs often refer to their party’s stand or decisions based on working committee inputs.
Workplace Harassment (POSH Act)
MPs discuss the Prevention of Sexual Harassment Act and its implementation in government offices and the private sector.
Water Conservation Campaigns
Initiatives such as Catch the Rain, and Jal Shakti Abhiyan are frequently highlighted in MP speeches on sustainability and climate resilience.
World Affairs and International Relations
It was discussed during foreign policy debates and Question Hour, where MPs assess India’s role in global geopolitics, trade, and security.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – X
Xenophobia
The fear or hatred of foreigners or people from different cultures. MPs may address rising xenophobic sentiments during debates on immigration, foreign policy, or minority rights.
X-Ray Security Scanners
Discussed in the context of Parliament security, airport infrastructure, or public building safety. MPs may raise questions on procurement, technology standards, or misuse.
X-Axis (Statistical Reports)
Frequently referenced in data visualizations and economic presentations shared with or by MPs, especially in committee reports or budget documents.
XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)
A digital language for the electronic communication of financial data. MPs may encounter this in debates on corporate transparency, SEBI regulations, or economic sector digitization.
X-Factor in Elections (Colloquial)
MPs and political analysts may use the term to describe an unpredictable or decisive element—like youth vote, caste alliance, or turnout swings—influencing election outcomes.
X-Category Security
Refers to a level of personal security provided to public figures by the government. MPs may raise concerns about VIP security allocation, costs, or transparency.
Xenotransplantation
The medical practice of transplanting organs from animals to humans is highly niche, but it may be referenced in healthcare innovation debates in the Lok Sabha.
Xenon Lighting in Public Infrastructure
It is sometimes mentioned in urban infrastructure or energy efficiency projects for roads, airports, or stadiums.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – Y
Youth Parliament
An educational initiative conducted in schools and colleges to simulate parliamentary proceedings. Promoted by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs and often supported by MPs to encourage civic awareness among youth.
Yojana (Scheme)
A Hindi word meaning “plan” or “scheme,” widely used in names of government welfare programs such as:
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana MPs frequently debate their design, funding, effectiveness, and regional implementation.
Yield of Bonds
In financial debates related to government borrowing, MPs may reference the yield (interest return) on government securities and its effect on the economy.
Youth Icon Campaigns
Government and Election Commission initiatives aim to increase voter participation among young citizens. MPs support these through constituency outreach.
Member of Parliament (MP) Glossary – Z
Zero Hour
An informal but essential part of the parliamentary day that starts immediately after Question Hour (typically at Noon). During Zero Hour, MPs can raise urgent matters of public importance without prior notice.
Z-Category Security
The government provides individuals with personal security cover based on threat perception. MPs often debate the rationale, cost, and transparency of granting such security, especially during VIP security discussions.
Zonal Councils
Advisory bodies were created to foster interstate cooperation. India has five Zonal Councils. MPs may refer to their outcomes in federal relations, border issues, or state coordination discussions.
Zamindari System (Abolition of)
Historical legislation post-independence aimed at redistributing land to tenants and eliminating feudal ownership. MPs may reference it in debates on agrarian reforms and rural development.
Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)
A budgeting method where every expense must be justified from scratch. When discussing government efficiency, fiscal discipline, or budget innovation, MPs may raise this concept.
Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs)
Part of clean energy and transport policy debates. MPs advocate for incentives for electric vehicles and support schemes like FAME India to promote adoption.
Conclusion
The A–Z Lok Sabha MP Glossary captures the dynamic vocabulary and core concepts integral to India’s parliamentary ecosystem. From the procedures that structure legislative debate to the programs that touch every citizen’s life, each entry reflects the depth of responsibility that a Lok Sabha MP carries.
By demystifying these terms, this glossary not only aids in better comprehension of legislative affairs but also promotes transparency, civic education, and informed public participation in democratic processes. As Parliament continues to evolve with the nation’s priorities, understanding these foundational elements will remain key to appreciating the role and influence of the people’s elected representatives.
Whether you’re an aspiring policymaker, a researcher, or a curious citizen, this glossary is a vital tool for decoding the language of governance and engaging meaningfully with India’s parliamentary democracy.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is parliamentary etiquette for an Indian MP?
Parliamentary etiquette refers to the expected conduct, discipline, procedures, and decorum that an MP must maintain inside and outside Parliament to uphold democratic values.
Why is it important for MPs to address all remarks to the Chair?
Addressing remarks to the Speaker or Chairman ensures orderliness, neutrality, and respect during debates, preventing direct personal confrontations.
How should MPs behave during Question Hour?
MPs must ask precise, fact-based questions, avoid speeches during questions, and maintain silence when others are speaking.
What is the proper way for MPs to protest in Parliament?
MPs may protest through walkouts, special mentions, or procedural devices, but must avoid shouting, rushing into the Well of the House, or causing physical disruptions.
What is expected from MPs during Zero Hour?
MPs must raise urgent public issues briefly, factually, and without lengthy speeches, respecting the format’s urgency and importance.
How should MPs handle debates on sensitive issues like national security?
MPs must exercise restraint, avoid politicization, maintain confidentiality where needed, and prioritize national unity over partisan interests.
What is the role of MPs in Parliamentary Committees?
MPs must actively attend meetings, contribute constructively, maintain confidentiality, and avoid partisan bias during Committee deliberations.
How must MPs submit questions and motions?
MPs must follow prescribed formats and timelines, ensuring that questions or motions are clear, relevant, and respectful.
How should MPs behave when the National Anthem or tributes are conducted in Parliament?
MPs must stand solemnly, maintain silence, and show utmost respect during the National Anthem, prayers, or condolence references.
What is expected during a voice vote or division?
MPs must participate quietly and promptly, respecting the voting process without disturbances, and accept the results gracefully.
What rules govern MPs’ language during debates?
MPs must use dignified, non-offensive, and parliamentary language, refraining from personal attacks or communal/defamatory expressions.
What are MPs’ obligations toward their constituencies during Parliament sessions?
MPs must raise constituency issues through questions, debates, and motions in a constructive, fact-based, and respectful manner.
Can MPs use mobile phones inside Parliament?
MPs must use mobile devices discreetly, avoiding disruptions during House proceedings, debates, and committee meetings.
How should MPs behave when new MPs join Parliament?
Senior MPs are expected to welcome, mentor, and guide new members respectfully, helping them understand procedures and decorum.
What is the etiquette for introducing Private Members’ Bills?
MPs must introduce Private Members’ Bills thoughtfully, ensuring they address real public needs and are presented respectfully.
How must MPs handle parliamentary privileges?
MPs must exercise their freedom of speech responsibly, ensuring privileges are not misused for making false allegations or defamatory remarks.
What is the proper conduct during a Presidential Address or joint sitting?
MPs must attend respectfully, avoid protests during the speech, and participate in the subsequent debates with decorum.
What should MPs do if they realize they made an error during a debate?
MPs must voluntarily correct the mistake on the record at the earliest opportunity, upholding honesty and transparency.
How must MPs handle grievances against House functioning?
MPs should raise grievances through official procedures and avoid airing internal matters publicly or through disruptive means.
What overall values should guide an MP’s parliamentary conduct?
MPs must uphold the values of democracy, integrity, transparency, national interest, bipartisanship, discipline, and respect for all institutions and fellow members.
