MLAs Glossary: Member of the Legislative Assembly Roles, Powers, and Terms A to Z

Q: What is the primary role of an MLA in India?

An MLA represents a state-level constituency and is responsible for lawmaking, overseeing government functioning, approving the state budget, and addressing local development issues.

Q: What is the significance of Zero Hour in the Legislative Assembly?

Zero Hour is the time immediately after Question Hour during which MLAs can raise urgent matters without prior notice.

Q: What is the purpose of the Question Hour?

It is the first hour of every legislative session where MLAs can question ministers about departmental functioning and accountability.

In the complex and diverse framework of Indian democracy, Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) play a vital role as the bridge between the government and the grassroots. They are responsible for lawmaking, policy oversight, budget approvals, and constituency development within their respective states. However, the duties of an MLA span a wide range of political, administrative, legal, and socio-economic functions that require familiarity with a vast array of terms, institutions, and processes. This comprehensive A to Z MLAs Glossary has been curated as an authoritative reference for elected representatives, political analysts, trainers, civil service aspirants, and engaged citizens.

From procedural terminology like Adjournment Motion and Zero Hour to administrative concepts such as District Planning and Revenue Deficit, this glossary demystifies governance language and enhances understanding of legislative responsibilities. It also includes welfare schemes, digital governance tools, regional development initiatives, and evolving trends such as e-governance and climate action each with a clear, context-specific explanation tailored to the Indian MLA experience.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – A

Act

A formal written law passed by the Legislature comes into force when signed by the Governor. MLAs play a key role in debating and passing Acts.

Adjournment Motion

Adjournment

The suspension of a sitting of the legislative House to another time or indefinitely is often declared by the Speaker.

Affidavit

A sworn statement filed by election candidates (including MLAs) declaring personal, criminal, and financial information.

Agenda

A list of items to be discussed or acted upon in a legislative session is usually circulated in advance.

Allotment (of Time)

The Speaker or the Business Advisory Committee determines the time allocation for the legislative business discussion.

Amendment

A formal change proposed to a bill or resolution. MLAs can move amendments during bill discussions.

Appropriation Bill

A bill that authorizes government expenditure. MLAS needs to approve it to ensure budget implementation.

Assembly

The Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the lower House in the state legislature, where MLAs are elected to represent constituencies.

Assent (Governor’s Assent)

The final step in lawmaking is when the Governor formally approves a Bill passed by the Legislature.

Attendance Register

Maintained recording MLAs’ presence during Assembly proceedings, often linked to their daily allowances.

Attorney General (State)

The Governor appoints the state’s top legal officer to advise the state government on legal matters.

Autonomy

The ability of states or MLAs to make decisions independently within the framework of the Constitution.

Authority (Legislative)

The power granted to MLAs under the Constitution to make laws, raise issues, and represent the people.

Anti-Defection Law

A law under the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution disqualifies MLAs who defect from their political party.

Audit Report (CAG Report)

A report prepared by India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) on government spending. MLAs examine this in committees.

Adjournment Debate

A short-duration discussion was raised by MLAs on matters of urgent public importance after an adjournment motion was admitted.

Administrative Division

A sub-structure of Governance, such as districts, blocks, and tehsils within a constituency, where MLAs play a monitoring and developmental role.

Agricultural Subsidies

Financial assistance is provided to farmers, a topic often raised by MLAs in agrarian states.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – B

Bail

The conditional release of an accused person awaiting trial. MLAs may raise concerns related to bail policies or misuse in their constituencies.

Ballot Paper

A physical voting sheet is used in elections. Though EVMs are now widely used, MLAs are still familiar with ballot procedures for certain polls (e.g., Rajya Sabha or local body elections).

Bill

A draft proposal for new legislation or an amendment to existing law. MLAs introduce, debate, and vote on Bills in the Assembly.

Budget

The annual financial statement details state revenue and expenditure. MLAs play a crucial role in debating and approving the state budget.

Budget Session

One of the primary legislative assembly sessions is where the budget is presented, discussed, and passed.

Bye-Election (Bypoll)

An election is held to fill a legislative assembly vacancy due to the resignation, death, or disqualification of an MLA.

Bureaucracy

The administrative machinery of the government. MLAs interact with bureaucrats to implement development projects and schemes.

Business Advisory Committee

A committee that decides the schedule and duration of debates in the Assembly. MLAs may be part of this committee.

Bill Reading (First, Second, Third)

The stages in the legislative process are when a bill is introduced (First Reading), debated (Second Reading), and passed (Third Reading).

Budgetary Allocation

MLAs often debate and scrutinize specific allotments of funds to various departments and schemes.

Briefing (Legislative Briefing)

Background information or reports are provided to MLAs to prepare for discussions or debates.

Boundaries (Constituency Boundaries)

Geographical limits of a legislative constituency. MLAs are elected based on these boundaries, which may change due to delimitation.

Bill Lapsing

A bill that does not pass during the term of the Assembly and is not carried over unless reintroduced.

Budget Cut Motion

An MLA motion was made to reduce specific expenditures in the budget, which was symbolic of dissent or protest.

Business of the House

Refers to the official work scheduled for the Legislative Assembly, including bills, motions, questions, and resolutions.

Bill Committee (Select or Standing Committee on Bills)

Committees where proposed laws are examined in detail before being debated in the House. MLAs can be appointed to these.

Boundary Commission

A commission was established to review and redraw legislative boundaries based on population and other factors. Its outcomes affect MLA constituencies.

Backbencher

A term borrowed from parliamentary democracies to denote MLAs who are not part of the cabinet or opposition leadership but actively participate in debates.

Basic Services

Refers to essential public services like water, electricity, healthcare, and education. MLAs often raise issues related to these in their constituencies.

Breach of Privilege

Any act that obstructs or threatens the rights and immunities of the Assembly or its members. MLAs can move motions regarding such breaches.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – C

Cabinet

A group of senior ministers headed by the Chief Minister makes key policy decisions. MLAs from the ruling party may be inducted into the cabinet.

Cabinet Minister

A senior executive member who heads a department is usually an elected MLA.

Calling Attention Motion

A device used by MLAs to draw the attention of a minister to a matter of urgent public importance requiring an immediate response.

Campaigning

Activities undertaken by political parties and candidates to promote themselves before elections. MLAs often lead local campaigning during elections.

Censure Motion

A formal statement of disapproval moved against the government’s policies or actions. MLAs from the opposition may initiate this.

Chief Minister (CM)

The elected head of the state government. MLAs of the majority party elect the CM after elections.

Code of Conduct (Model Code of Conduct)

The Election Commission of India issued guidelines to regulate political parties and candidates (including MLAs) during elections.

Committee System

Legislatures form standing and ad-hoc committees comprising MLAs to examine various legislative, financial, and administrative issues in depth.

Committee on Estimates

A committee that examines whether government funds are being used economically and for the purpose intended. MLAs may be nominated for this.

Committee on Public Accounts (PAC)

Committee on Petitions

Looks into petitions submitted by citizens and examines whether public grievances are being addressed. MLAs serve on this committee.

Committee on Subordinate Legislation

Reviews rules, regulations, and by-laws made under delegated legislation. MLAs check whether they are within legal limits.

Constituency

The geographic area is represented by an MLA, consisting of eligible voters who elect the representative.

Constituency Development Fund (MLALAD)

Funds are allocated to MLAs for development projects in their constituencies. Usage is subject to audit and guidelines.

Constitution (of India)

The supreme law of India outlines the powers, responsibilities, and limitations of MLAs and all state institutions.

Confidence Motion (Vote of Confidence)

A motion was made by the ruling party to prove that it still holds the majority support in the Legislative Assembly.

Contempt of House

Any act that obstructs or shows disrespect to the Legislative Assembly or its members. MLAs may initiate action.

Council of Ministers

The collective decision-making body, which consists of the Chief Minister and other ministers, is often selected from among MLAs.

Cross-Voting

When an MLA votes against the direction of their political party in the Assembly, it may lead to disqualification under anti-defection law.

Cut Motion

MLAs moved a motion to reduce the demand for grants during the budget session, which was used to express disapproval of specific expenditures.

Chief Whip

An MLA is appointed by each party to ensure discipline and coordination among party members during legislative proceedings.

Chartered Assembly

A historical or special legislative assembly constituted for specific events or decisions (rare in modern context but relevant for academic reference).

Circular (Government Circulars)

Official communication from the government to various departments or the public, which MLAs may refer to in legislative debates.

Casework (Constituency Casework)

Refers to the role of MLAs in addressing individual or community problems within their constituency (e.g., ration issues, land disputes).

Coalition Government

A government is formed when multiple political parties come together to achieve a majority. MLAs of coalition partners share ministerial responsibilities.

Committee Stage (Bill)

The phase in the legislative process where a bill is examined clause-by-clause by a committee before final approval in the House.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – D

Debate

A formal discussion in the Legislative Assembly where MLAs present arguments for or against motions, bills, or issues of public interest.

Defection

The act of an elected MLA switching party allegiance. The Anti-Defection Law regulates this under the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution.

Delimitation

The process of redrawing the boundaries of constituencies to reflect population changes. This impacts MLA constituencies and is done by the Delimitation Commission.

Demand for Grants

A proposal presented in the Legislative Assembly seeking approval for specific government expenditures. MLAs debate and vote on these demands during the Budget Session.

Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs)

Legislative committees comprise MLAs that examine specific departments’ budgets, bills, and policies.

Deputy Speaker

The Legislative Assembly elects an MLA to assist the Speaker and preside over sessions in their absence.

Development Fund (MLALAD)

Funds are allocated to MLAs to carry out minor developmental works in their constituencies. Proper utilization and transparency are required.

Disqualification

An MLA may be disqualified from the Assembly on grounds such as holding an office of profit, defection, unsound mind, or criminal conviction.

Division of Votes

A voting process in the Assembly where members vote “Ayes” or “Noes,” and the Speaker declares the result based on majority.

Dissent Note

A written disagreement is recorded by an MLA in a committee report when they disagree with the majority opinion.

District Development Council (DDC)

A local government body that MLAs coordinate with to implement policies and schemes in rural areas.

Discussion Hour

An allotted time during Assembly sessions where MLAs discuss issues of public importance without necessarily passing a motion.

Domicile

A person’s permanent legal residence. Domicile requirements may apply for MLA candidacy or government benefits.

Doctrine of Separation of Powers

The constitutional principle that separates the legislative, executive, and judicial functions. MLAs exercise legislative power.

Double Membership

An MLA cannot simultaneously be a Parliament and a State Assembly member. If elected to both, they must resign from one.

Draft Bill

The Law Department usually prepares a preliminary legislative proposal before being introduced in the Assembly.

Dress Code (Legislative Decorum)

While not strictly codified, MLAs are expected to maintain decorum through formal dress in the Assembly chamber.

Division Bench

A bench of two or more judges in a High Court. MLAs may refer to court decisions made by such benches when discussing legal matters.

District Collector

The senior-most administrative officer of a district. MLAs often coordinate with the Collector to implement schemes and address grievances.

Demand Draft (Financial Procedures)

A mode of payment used in official correspondence. MLAs might use DDs to file election nominations or other related procedures.

Doctrine of Pleasure

A constitutional provision stating that certain office holders (like ministers) serve at the pleasure of the Governor. MLAs in ministerial roles fall under this clause.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – E

Elected Representative

A person chosen through public elections to represent a constituency in a legislative body. MLAs are elected representatives in state assemblies.

Election Commission of India (ECI)

Election Manifesto

A document released by political parties outlining their policies and promises before elections. MLAs are expected to help implement their party’s manifesto commitments once elected.

Electoral Roll

An official list of eligible voters in a constituency. MLAs often assist citizens in addressing issues related to voter registration and roll updates.

Eligibility Criteria (for MLAs)

Legal conditions required to contest elections include age (minimum 25 years), citizenship, and non-disqualification under any law.

Empowered Committee

A committee with the authority to make decisions on specific matters. MLAs may serve on or coordinate with such committees for state-level projects.

Emergency (Constitutional Emergency)

Under Article 356, the President can impose President’s Rule in a state if Governance breaks down. This dissolves the Assembly and suspends MLA roles.

Empowerment (Social and Political)

Actions and policies that enable marginalized groups to participate in Governance. MLAs play a role in enacting and advocating such policies.

Environment Protection Legislation

State-level acts and policies that safeguard the environment. MLAs may propose or support bills addressing pollution, deforestation, etc.

Estimates Committee

A legislative committee that examines how the funds granted by the Assembly are being utilized. MLAs are often members of this committee.

Ethics Committee

A committee is responsible for ensuring the ethical conduct of MLAs. It investigates complaints and suggests disciplinary actions.

Evaluation Report

A document assessing the implementation and effectiveness of schemes or laws. MLAs use such reports during debates and policy reviews.

Executive

The branch of government is responsible for implementing laws and running the administration. Ministers in the executive may be MLAs.

Expenditure (Government)

Spending by the state government, which the Legislative Assembly must approve. MLAs scrutinize expenditures during budget sessions.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – F

Finance Bill

Fiscal Responsibility

The obligation of the state government to manage public finances prudently. MLAs are expected to ensure budget proposals align with budgetary discipline.

First-past-the-post (FPTP) System

The electoral system is used in India, where the candidate receiving the most votes wins. MLAs are elected through this system.

Floor Test

A procedure to test whether the ruling government (headed by the CM) still enjoys the confidence of the majority of MLAs in the Assembly.

Fund Allocation

Distribution of financial resources to departments, schemes, and constituencies. MLAs seek allocations for local projects and welfare schemes.

Framing of Rules

After a bill is passed, detailed rules are framed to implement the law effectively. MLAs may question or review the appropriateness of these rules.

Freebies Debate

Freedom of Speech (Legislative Privilege)

MLAs have the constitutional right to speak freely in the Assembly without fear of legal consequences for statements made during debates.

Federalism

The division of powers between the Union and the States. MLAs uphold the federal structure by ensuring state rights are protected.

Floor Management

The strategy adopted by party leaders and whips to manage legislative business, debates, and votes. MLAs are guided on when and how to participate.

Forest Rights Act

A significant law concerning tribal and forest dwellers’ rights. MLAs often advocate for implementation and address related grievances in tribal constituencies.

Fixed Tenure

The legislative Assembly has a fixed tenure of five years unless dissolved earlier. MLAs serve for this duration unless re-elected or disqualified.

Flood Relief Package

Full Budget

A complete budget for the entire financial year (as opposed to a vote-on-account). MLAs deliberate and pass the full budget during the Budget Session.

Functioning of the House

Refers to the orderly conduct of business in the Assembly. MLAs contribute by participating in debates, raising questions, and maintaining decorum.

Foreign Delegation (Legislative Exchange)

MLAs may be part of delegations visiting other countries to study legislative practices, governance models, or development programs.

Fact-Finding Committee

An ad hoc legislative committee formed to investigate specific issues, such as scams, riots, or administrative lapses—MLAs serve on these committees.

Floor Coordination

Cross-party discussions and coordination among MLAs to ensure smooth legislative functioning, especially in coalition or issue-based politics.

Female Representation

Refers to the proportion of women MLAs in the Assembly. Many states are working toward enhancing gender diversity through policy and reservation debates.

Food Security Act

A central welfare law guaranteeing subsidized food grains. MLAs help constituents enroll and resolve grievances related to this scheme.

Freedom Fighters’ Welfare

State schemes that provide pensions and honors to freedom fighters. MLAs often represent eligible constituents for such benefits.

Frivolous Motion

A motion that lacks seriousness or is used to delay proceedings. The Speaker may dismiss it, and MLAs are expected to avoid using such mechanisms.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – G

Governor

The constitutional head of a state. The Governor summons and dissolves the Assembly, assents to bills, and appoints the Chief Minister. MLAs are part of the Legislature and work in coordination with the Governor.

Gazette Notification

An official government publication used to announce legislative changes, appointments, or legal decisions. Acts passed by MLAs are published in the state gazette.

Grant-in-Aid

Funds provided by the government to institutions or local bodies for specific purposes. MLAs may recommend or monitor these grants in their constituencies.

Government Order (G.O.)

An official communication from the state government outlining rules, notifications, or decisions. MLAs often refer to or demand changes in G.O.s.

General Election

The periodic election is held to elect MLAs in all state constituencies. It determines the formation of the government.

Gram Panchayat

The lowest tier of local self-government is in rural areas. MLAs often coordinate with Panchayats for grassroots development.

Grievance Redressal

The process of addressing complaints from the public. MLAs play a vital role in helping citizens access grievance mechanisms in departments.

Ground Reality

A term describes the actual condition of people and services locally. MLAs are expected to stay informed about the reality of the ground of their constituencies.

Group Discussion (Committee or Assembly)

An interactive method used in legislative committees or consultations where MLAs deliberate on policies and proposals.

Guidelines (Government Guidelines)

Official instructions are issued to implement policies or schemes. MLAs seek clarification, modifications, or enforcement of guidelines based on local needs.

Green Budgeting

The inclusion of environmental sustainability measures in the state budget. MLAs advocating for eco-sensitive development refer to green budgeting practices.

Gender Budgeting

The allocation of budgetary resources considers the specific needs of women and gender minorities. MLAs may support gender-based welfare policies.

Government Whip

An MLA is responsible for ensuring that party members vote per party lines. Defying the whip can lead to disqualification.

Guarantee Scheme

Welfare programs backed by the state guarantee a minimum benefit (e.g., employment, food security). MLAs advocate for or monitor such schemes.

Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP)

The total economic output of a state. MLAs use GSDP data to evaluate state performance and demand budget allocations.

Governance Index

A metric used to rank states or departments based on performance indicators. MLAs may refer to it during policy or performance debates.

Green Energy Policy

Policies aimed at promoting renewable energy. MLAs may support such policies through legislation or by facilitating solar/wind projects in their areas.

Governor’s Address

A speech delivered at the beginning of the Assembly session outlining the government’s agenda. MLAs debate its content and direction.

Government Scheme

Public welfare initiatives such as PDS, MGNREGA, housing schemes, etc. MLAs are instrumental in promoting, monitoring, and troubleshooting these at the constituency level.

Gas Subsidy

A welfare initiative providing LPG at subsidized rates. MLAs often assist citizens in getting enrolled and resolving distribution issues.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – H

House (Legislative Assembly)

Refers to the State Legislative Assembly, where MLAs debate laws, raise issues, and pass motions and bills.

House Committee

A legislative committee was formed to look after internal matters of the Assembly, such as facilities, privileges, and security. MLAs may be nominated for this.

House Proceedings

The official activities and discussions that occur during a sitting of the Assembly. MLAs are expected to attend, participate, and follow protocols.

High Court

The highest judicial body in a state. MLAs may refer to High Court judgments during debates or raise issues related to judicial delays.

Honorarium

A fixed allowance is paid to MLAs for their services, salary, and allowances.

Hung Assembly

A situation where no single political party gains a majority in the Legislative Assembly. MLAs may be involved in post-election alliances.

Hearing (Public or Committee Hearing)

A session where experts, citizens, or stakeholders present views before an Assembly committee. MLAs use hearings to gather evidence before drafting reports.

Health Infrastructure

Includes hospitals, PHCs, CHCs, and mobile clinics. MLAs monitor health services and advocate improvements in their constituencies.

Housing Scheme

Government programs like PMAY that offer subsidized housing. MLAs help eligible citizens access such schemes.

Human Development Index (HDI)

A measure of state development in health, education, and income. MLAs refer to HDI rankings when discussing policy priorities.

Head of State (Governor)

The Governor is the constitutional head of the state. MLAs engage with the Governor during bill assent, House summoning, and budget approvals.

Health and Family Welfare Department

A major department of state administration. MLAs often interact with it regarding hospital funding, medicine supplies, or epidemic response.

House Motion

A formal proposal put before the Assembly by an MLA for discussion or resolution (e.g., no-confidence motion, censure motion).

Hostel (Legislators’ Hostel)

Residential accommodation is provided to MLAs during Assembly sessions in the state capital.

Human Rights Violation

MLAs raise concerns over police excesses, custodial deaths, or administrative neglect under this term.

Hazard Allowance

Compensation is recommended for frontline workers (e.g., sanitation workers and health staff). MLAs may raise this in budget discussions.

Heritage Conservation

MLAs may push for protecting monuments and heritage buildings within their constituencies under state laws or UNESCO guidelines.

House Prorogation

The Governor’s formal end of a session of the Assembly on the government’s advice. MLAs must conclude business before prorogation.

House Journal

The official record of proceedings in the Assembly. It contains MLAs’ speeches, motions, and questions.

Hunger Index (State Hunger Index)

Used to measure food insecurity and malnutrition. MLAs highlight these issues in rural or tribal constituencies.

Hypothetical Question (Legislative Debate)

Sometimes, it is used in debates to present scenarios and test the logic of a policy proposal. MLAs may employ such questions for clarity.

Health Insurance Scheme

Programs like Ayushman Bharat. MLAs facilitate registration and address complaints regarding hospital empanelment and service denial.

House Rules (Rules of Procedure)

A set of rules governing how the Assembly functions—such as time limits, voting, and motions. MLAs are expected to be familiar with these.

Human Trafficking (Legislative Issue)

A topic raised by MLAs concerning illegal trade in persons, primarily affecting women and children in vulnerable regions.

High-Level Committee (HLC)

Special committees are constituted for critical decisions (e.g., disaster relief, pandemic response). MLAs may be part of such bodies.

Helpline (Constituency Helpline)

Some MLAs set up helplines for constituents to report grievances, especially during disasters or lockdowns.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – I

Impeachment

Though primarily applicable to high constitutional authorities like the President or judges, MLAs should understand the concept as part of democratic accountability.

Independents (Independent Candidates)

Individuals contesting elections without party affiliation. Some MLAs get elected as independents and may later support coalitions or governments.

Indian Constitution

The supreme legal document of India defines the powers and responsibilities of MLAs, state legislatures, and the framework of Governance.

Information and Public Relations Department

A state department is responsible for public communication. MLAs coordinate with it for their constituencies’ announcements, events, and publicity.

Interpellation

A legislative tool allowing MLAs to seek detailed explanations from ministers on government policy—usually in the form of starred questions.

Infrastructure Development

MLAs’ key responsibility areas include roads, bridges, electricity, water supply, and digital connectivity in their constituencies.

Internal Security

Includes law and order, police reforms, and anti-terror measures within the state. MLAs raise concerns over communal tensions, crime, or insurgency.

Income Certificate

A document used for availing government schemes. MLAs often facilitate issuance or resolve disputes related to income verification.

Inclusive Growth

An economic approach ensuring benefits reach all sections of society, including marginalized groups—MLAs advocate inclusive state policies.

Indian Penal Code (IPC)

The criminal code of India. MLAs must understand key Governance, defamation, or public order sections while debating crime-related bills.

Inflation

The rise in prices affects citizens’ purchasing power. MLAs may raise inflation-related concerns in budget debates or zero-hour sessions.

Inter-State Relations

MLAs discuss water disputes, border issues, or economic collaboration between neighboring states during state assembly debates.

Investment Promotion

MLAs may advocate policies or SEZs to attract investments to their constituencies, creating employment and growth opportunities.

Industrial Policy

A state’s blueprint for attracting industries and MSMEs. MLAs push for reforms or raise grievances on behalf of local businesses.

Inspection (Constituency Visits)

MLAs regularly inspect public infrastructure—schools, hospitals, roads—to monitor development and service delivery.

Interim Budget

A temporary budget is passed before elections or when a whole budget cannot be presented. MLAs review and approve interim allocations.

Illegal Encroachment

Occupation of public or private land without authorization. MLAs raise this issue frequently in urban and semi-urban constituencies.

Implementation Status Report

Government’s progress report on schemes, projects, and announcements. MLAs use this when asking questions or calling attention motions.

Incumbent

The current officeholder (e.g., sitting MLA, Chief Minister). This term is used in political analysis and election coverage.

Indian Administrative Service (IAS)

The premier civil service. MLAs interact with IAS officers (e.g., District Collector, Secretary) for project implementation.

Indian Audit and Accounts Department (IAAD)

Works under the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG). MLAs examine audit findings during Public Accounts Committee (PAC) sessions.

Immunities (Legislative Immunities)

MLAs enjoy certain protections, such as immunity from legal action for speech made within the Assembly under Article 194 of the Constitution.

Illegal Mining

A frequent issue raised in Assemblies, especially in mineral-rich states. MLAs demand stricter monitoring and revenue recovery.

Indian Federalism

A system of Governance with division of powers between the Union and States. MLAs defend state interests under the federal structure.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – J

Judiciary

The branch of government is responsible for interpreting laws. Though separate from the Legislature, MLAs often refer to court judgments during debates.

Joint Sitting (Legislature)

Though more common in Parliament, some states with bicameral legislatures (like Karnataka and Maharashtra) may have joint Legislative Assembly and Council sittings.

Judicial Inquiry

An investigation ordered by the state government into matters of public concern (e.g., riots, corruption). MLAs may demand such inquiries during sessions.

Jail Reforms

A subject often raised by MLAs concerning overcrowding, undertrial prisoners, and human rights in correctional institutions.

Janata Darbar

A public grievance redressal forum is held by MLAs or ministers where citizens present their problems directly.

Jan Dhan Yojana

A central government scheme for financial inclusion. MLAs assist in awareness and registration efforts in their constituencies.

Jan Aushadhi Scheme

A government initiative to provide affordable generic medicines. MLAs support the opening of Jan Aushadhi stores in underserved areas.

Justice Delivery System

Refers to the accessibility, speed, and fairness of the legal process. MLAs may raise concerns about case pendency or lack of legal aid in rural areas.

Judicial Activism

When courts play an active role in directing Governance through PILs or suo moto actions. MLAs may debate the balance between the Legislature and the judiciary.

Job Reservation

A policy reserving public sector jobs for specific communities (SC/ST/OBCs, etc.). MLAs often discuss the scope, expansion, or misuse of reservation policies.

Job Guarantee Scheme

Employment programs like MGNREGA assure rural citizens of minimum workdays. MLAs monitor implementation and wage payments.

Judicial Commission

An ad hoc body constituted to examine sensitive issues (e.g., police encounters, scams). MLAs may demand its formation for transparency.

Jal Shakti Abhiyan

A water conservation campaign involving rainwater harvesting and rejuvenation of water bodies. MLAs support related development works locally.

Jan Lokpal

A proposed anti-corruption ombudsman with public support. MLAs may advocate for similar institutions at the state level.

Joint Committee (Legislative)

A temporary committee comprising MLAs from different parties to examine specific bills or subjects in detail.

Justice Reforms

Legislative or policy steps aimed at improving court infrastructure, judicial manpower, or legal aid. MLAs contribute through lawmaking or budget approvals.

Jal Jeevan Mission

A central scheme to provide tap water to all rural households. MLAs ensure implementation and resolve issues in their constituencies.

Jail Manual

The document detailing rules and regulations for prison management. MLAs may raise questions about violations or outdated rules.

Job Fairs (Rozgar Melas)

Government or MLA-led initiatives to connect job seekers with employers. Often organized in collaboration with skill development departments.

Janmabhoomi Committees

Local development or welfare committees initiated in some states (e.g., Andhra Pradesh) for grassroots-level monitoring—often led or supervised by MLAs.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – K

Karyakarta (Party Worker)

A grassroots political worker who supports an MLA’s party. MLAs depend on karyakartas for local outreach, campaigning, and mobilization.

Kerala Model

It is a term that often refers to Kerala’s achievements in human development indicators. MLAs from other states may cite this model in policy debates.

Kisan Credit Card (KCC)

A government initiative offering short-term credit to farmers. MLAs assist in promoting the scheme and resolving issues related to disbursal.

Knowledge Commission (State or National)

A policy advisory body aimed at improving education, research, and knowledge dissemination. MLAs may debate recommendations for reforming state education systems.

Khadi and Village Industries

A sector that promoted rural employment and self-reliance. MLAs often advocate for Khadi product promotion and funding in Assembly discussions.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)

Agricultural science centers offer support and training to farmers. MLAs collaborate with KVKs to enhance agricultural productivity in their regions.

Kharif Crops

Crops sown during the monsoon season (e.g., rice, maize). MLAs monitor seasonal challenges such as rainfall adequacy, input supply, and crop insurance.

Kisan Sammelan (Farmer Meeting)

Public gatherings are organized by MLAs or the agriculture department to address farmer grievances, inform them about new schemes, and collect feedback.

Knowledge Sharing Platform (Legislative Forums)

Digital or physical platforms for legislators to exchange best practices and governance strategies. MLAs benefit through exposure to policy innovations.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)

A government scheme for setting up residential schools for girls from disadvantaged communities. MLAs support expansion or monitor performance locally.

Kalpataru Scheme / Kalyana Lakshmi / Kanyashree / Kunwarbai Nu Mameru

State-specific welfare schemes for girl child empowerment and marriage assistance. MLAs promote these schemes and assist in grievance redressal.

Knowledge-Economy

An economy driven by information and innovation. MLAs push for IT parks, startup hubs, and digital literacy initiatives to build this economy at the local level.

Kumbh Mela / Kanwar Yatra / Kar Seva

Major religious events and pilgrimages. MLAs coordinate with police and administration to ensure safety, crowd management, and cleanliness.

Kancha Land (Unregistered Land)

A term used in some regions for land without proper documentation. MLAs work toward regularization, land surveys, and issuing pattas.

Krishi Mela

Agricultural exhibitions and fairs where farmers interact with researchers and vendors. MLAs often inaugurate or facilitate these events.

Krishi Upaj Mandi (Agricultural Produce Market)

Markets are regulated for fair pricing of crops. MLAs may intervene in cases of farmer exploitation or demand better infrastructure.

Kharif Procurement Policy

State procurement rules for kharif crops like paddy. MLAs examine MSP implementation and warehouse availability in their constituencies.

Knowledge-based Policy Making

Using data, research, and field studies to formulate policies. MLAs are increasingly trained to utilize evidence for legislative proposals.

Kudumbashree

A women empowerment program in Kerala is known for its self-help group (SHG) model. MLAs from other states often study or replicate similar frameworks.

Kritrim Bhojan (Mid-Day Meal Substitutes)

When cooked meals are replaced by packaged food due to shortages. MLAs raise such issues to restore regular, nutritious mid-day meals.

Kisan Rail / Krishi Udaan

Central government transport schemes for agricultural produce. MLAs may demand state linkages or raise issues of accessibility.

Knowledge Transfer Program

A collaboration between academia and government bodies for rural and sectoral innovation. MLAs may facilitate partnerships with local colleges and NGOs.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – L

Legislative Assembly

The lower House of the state legislature in India, where MLAs are elected to represent the people, pass laws, discuss budgets, and monitor Governance.

Legislation

The process of making or enacting laws. MLAs introduce, debate, and vote on legislative bills in the Assembly.

Law and Order

A key area of state governance involves policing, public safety, and crime control. MLAs often raise local law and order issues in the Assembly.

Leader of the Opposition (LoP)

The head of the largest non-ruling party in the Assembly. LoP plays a critical role in scrutinizing the government and leading debates.

Legislative Business

Refers to the work carried out in the Assembly, including the introduction of bills, motions, debates, and question hours.

Local Area Development (MLALAD Scheme)

A scheme allowing MLAs to recommend developmental works in their constituencies using allocated government funds.

Lok Adalat

An alternative dispute resolution system for quickly settling civil and compoundable criminal cases. MLAs may promote awareness or support its implementation.

Land Records

Official documents that establish land ownership. MLAs assist constituents in resolving disputes, making corrections, and digitizing records.

Labour Welfare

Law Commission (State or National)

A body that reviews existing laws and recommends reforms. MLAs may debate or follow up on its reports at the state level.

Legislative Privileges

Special rights granted to MLAs, such as freedom of speech in the House and immunity from civil liability for actions within the Assembly.

Literacy Rate

An indicator of educational progress. MLAs work toward improving literacy through schools, adult education, and awareness programs.

Local Self-Government

Decentralized Governance at panchayat and municipal levels. MLAs coordinate and monitor development activities at these levels.

Lokayukta

A state-level anti-corruption ombudsman that investigates complaints against public officials, including MLAs and ministers.

Legislative Committee

A smaller group of MLAs was formed to examine bills, budgets, policies, or administrative performance in detail.

Leave of Absence (MLA)

MLAs must seek formal permission if they are unable to attend Assembly sessions. Failure may attract disqualification under the rules.

Leader of the House

Usually, the Chief Minister or a senior minister manages the government’s legislative business in the Assembly.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – M

MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly)

An elected representative of a state constituency who serves in the Legislative Assembly participates in lawmaking, budget approval, and public issue redressal.

Motion

A formal proposal moved by an MLA in the Assembly, seeking discussion or decision on a specific issue (e.g., confidence motion, no-confidence motion).

Money Bill

A bill dealing solely with taxation, government spending, or financial matters. It can only be introduced in the Legislative Assembly with the Governor’s recommendation.

Majority

The number of MLAs required to pass a motion or form a government. A simple majority is more than half of the members present and voting.

Mid-Day Meal Scheme

A welfare initiative providing free lunches to school children. MLAs often raise issues about food quality, hygiene, and implementation in government schools.

Municipality

An urban local body governing a city or town. MLAs coordinate with municipal councils for urban infrastructure and service delivery.

Minority Welfare

Policies and programs aimed at uplifting religious and linguistic minority communities. MLAs ensure scheme access in their constituencies.

Marginal Farmers

Farmers with less than 1 hectare of landholding. MLAs push for targeted support like loan waivers, subsidies, and crop insurance.

MLALAD Fund

Member of Legislative Assembly Local Area Development Fund. MLAs use this discretionary fund to recommend development projects (e.g., roads, street lights, water supply).

Model Code of Conduct (MCC)

Motion of Thanks

A resolution thanking the Governor for their address. MLAs debate the policies and priorities mentioned in the speech during this motion.

A central scheme guaranteeing 100 days of unskilled manual work. MLAs monitor job card issuance, work allocation, and timely payments.

Municipal Corporation

A larger urban local body that governs metropolitan cities. MLAs often liaise with the corporation to resolve civic issues.

Marginalized Communities

Groups facing social and economic exclusion. MLAs advocate inclusive policies for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other vulnerable sections.

Motion of No Confidence

A motion moved by the opposition to test whether the ruling government (and its MLAs) still enjoy majority support in the Assembly.

Mandate (Electoral)

The will or decision of voters is reflected through election results. MLAs serve under the mandate of their constituents.

Medical Infrastructure

Includes hospitals, primary health centers, and clinics. MLAs seek budget allocations and upgrades in healthcare facilities.

Migration (Rural-Urban or Seasonal)

The movement of people in search of work. MLAs raise concerns over migrant welfare, housing, and ration access.

Minor Irrigation Projects

Small-scale irrigation systems like check dams, canals, and borewells. MLAs propose and follow up on these for agricultural support.

Market Yard (Agricultural Markets)

A regulated marketplace where farmers sell produce. MLAs intervene in pricing, trader behavior, and infrastructure gaps.

Motion for Adjournment

A tool used by MLAs to interrupt the scheduled business of the Assembly to discuss an urgent matter of public importance.

Mahila Shakti Kendra

Women empowerment centers are established at block or district levels. MLAs advocate for staffing and better outreach.

Mass Outreach Programmes

Activities like door-to-door campaigns, Jan Sampark Abhiyan, and town halls conducted by MLAs to connect with the electorate.

Manual Scavenging

A prohibited practice involving unsafe sewer cleaning. MLAs push for rehabilitation, mechanization, and legal enforcement.

Minimum Support Price (MSP)

The government has announced the guaranteed price for crops. MLAs often press for timely procurement and MSP revision.

Magisterial Inquiry

An administrative-level inquiry (usually by a District Magistrate) into incidents like riots, deaths, or accidents. MLAs may demand these for public accountability.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – N

Notice of Motion

A formal written request submitted by an MLA to move a resolution, question, or bill in the Assembly. It is submitted in advance and approved by the Speaker.

No-Confidence Motion

A motion was introduced by the opposition MLAs expressing a lack of confidence in the ruling government. If passed, the government must resign.

National Food Security Act (NFSA)

A central law providing subsidized food grains to eligible households. MLAs often raise issues regarding ration card distribution and fair price shop functioning.

Nodal Officer

A government official designated to coordinate and implement specific schemes. MLAs interact with nodal officers for grievance redressal and scheme monitoring.

Natural Calamity

Events like floods, droughts, cyclones, etc. MLAs are involved in relief distribution, damage assessment, and demanding state or central assistance.

Notification

An official government announcement was published in the Gazette. MLAs refer to notifications during discussions on new rules or administrative changes.

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)

A scheme aimed at strengthening healthcare in rural areas. MLAs monitor PHC performance, ASHA workers, and medicine availability.

Nomination (Election)

The formal process by which candidates (including aspiring MLAs) file their papers to contest elections. Rivals can contest nomination scrutiny.

National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)

A statutory body to protect the interests of Scheduled Castes. MLAs raise related grievances and advocate for welfare schemes.

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)

A constitutional body to safeguard tribal rights. MLAs from tribal constituencies often coordinate with this body for forest rights, displacement, and education issues.

National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF)

A central fund used for disaster relief. MLAs push for timely release and fair allocation of funds to affected areas.

National Education Policy (NEP)

A central policy framework on education reforms. MLAs debate its adaptation, implementation, and impacts in their respective states.

National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)

A program promoting self-employment and SHGs. MLAs support its outreach and monitor credit linkages, training, and livelihood outcomes.

Natural Resource Management (NRM)

It involves sustainable use of land, water, and forests. MLAs raise issues of over-extraction, conservation, and equitable access.

National Health Mission (NHM)

A government scheme aimed at universal health coverage. MLAs check for the adequacy of funds, staffing, and facility improvements.

National Highway Projects

Infrastructure projects implemented by NHAI. MLAs often demand better connectivity, land compensation, and service roads in their constituencies.

Nursing Colleges and Training Institutes

Vital for skilling in the healthcare sector. MLAs support setting up these institutions to address rural healthcare staff shortages.

National Pension Scheme (NPS)

A voluntary long-term savings scheme for government and private employees. MLAs may demand state inclusion or raise concerns over old pension scheme restoration.

National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)

A central agency supporting vocational training. MLAs work with NSDC or state partners to establish skill centers in their constituencies.

New Schemes (Budget Context)

Refers to initiatives newly introduced in the state budget. MLAs analyze and support schemes that benefit their constituencies.

National Green Tribunal (NGT)

A judicial body dealing with environmental issues. MLAs refer to NGT judgments during debates on environmental degradation or industrial pollution.

Night Shelter (Rain Basera)

Government-provided shelters for the urban homeless. MLAs oversee shelters’ availability, condition, and capacity during winters or emergencies.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – O

Oath of Office (MLA)

A formal pledge is taken by an elected MLA before assuming duties, swearing allegiance to the Constitution, and upholding the law.

Ordinance

A law promulgated by the Governor when the Legislative Assembly is not in session. The Assembly must ratify it within a stipulated period. MLAs debate its continuation or amendment.

Opposition Party

The political party or coalition not in power. MLAs from opposition parties play a crucial role in questioning the government and ensuring accountability.

Official Gazette

A public journal that publishes all new laws, rules, and notifications. MLAs often refer to gazette notifications during discussions on state policy or regulations.

Office of Profit

A position that may lead to disqualification of an MLA if it offers financial benefit and is not exempted by law. MLAs must ensure they do not hold such offices without proper exemption.

Objective Resolution (State Policy)

A declaration outlining legislative or policy intent. MLAs may propose resolutions to support social, economic, or cultural goals.

Outlay (Budgetary Outlay)

The total amount allocated to a specific scheme or department in the state budget. MLAs examine and critique these outlays during budget discussions.

Oversight (Legislative Oversight)

The role of MLAs in monitoring government functioning through committees, question hour, and debates.

Open Defecation Free (ODF)

A cleanliness and sanitation goal under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. MLAs work to ensure their constituencies are ODF-certified and maintain those standards.

Oral Questions

Questions asked by MLAs during Question Hour require verbal answers from ministers on the floor of the House.

Outcome Budget

A document showing the results of government spending in measurable terms. MLAs refer to it to assess the effectiveness of programs.

Occupational Safety

Policies ensuring safety at workplaces, especially for industrial and construction workers. MLAs may raise demands for better safety norms and enforcement.

Outreach Program

Initiatives by MLAs to connect with voters, such as Jan Sampark Abhiyan, village visits, or constituency camps.

Orphan Welfare Scheme

State initiatives to support children without parental care. MLAs promote enrollment and supervise orphanage conditions.

Open Market Procurement (OMP)

Purchase of food grains or other commodities at market prices by the government. MLAs raise issues regarding MSP vs. market price disparities.

One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC)

A scheme allowing beneficiaries to access PDS benefits from anywhere in the country. MLAs assist migrants in availing of benefits under this system.

Official Language Policy

Refers to the use of languages in government communication. MLAs debate regional language rights and the promotion of mother tongues.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – P

Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)

Three-tier local self-government system in rural India. MLAs coordinate with PRIs to implement state and central schemes at the grassroots level.

Public Accounts Committee (PAC)

A legislative committee that audits government expenditures. MLAs are often members, scrutinizing reports by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).

Private Member’s Bill

This bill was introduced by an MLA who is not a minister. These bills allow non-executive MLAs to propose legislation on critical public issues.

Point of Order

A procedural objection an MLA raises during Assembly proceedings is typically related to a breach of rules or irregularities.

Parliamentary Democracy

A system where the executive is accountable to the Legislature. MLAs uphold this system at the state level.

Public Distribution System (PDS)

A government-managed food security system distributing subsidized grains. MLAs monitor ration shops and address citizen grievances.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

Legal actions are filed in the public’s interest, often influencing legislative debates. MLAs refer to PILs to highlight systemic issues.

Policy Implementation

The execution of laws and schemes. MLAs track and evaluate the efficiency and impact of policies at the constituency level.

Pro Tem Speaker

A temporary Speaker is appointed to conduct the first meeting of a newly elected Assembly until a permanent Speaker is chosen.

Privilege Motion

A motion moved by an MLA to protect the dignity and rights of the House or its members, usually in response to an alleged breach of privilege.

Plenary Session

A full session of the Assembly where all MLAs are present to discuss significant issues or pass meaningful legislation.

Public Health System

Comprising hospitals, primary health centers (PHCs), and health schemes. MLAs play a crucial role in improving healthcare delivery.

Public Hearing

An event where citizens can express views on public projects or laws. MLAs often organize or attend these to gather feedback.

Parliamentary Procedure

The rules governing conduct in the Legislature. MLAs are trained to follow these for effective participation in the House.

Planning Commission (Replaced by NITI Aayog)

The former body that designed five-year plans. MLAs now refer to NITI Aayog’s reports for policy alignment.

Panchayat Raj Act (State-Specific)

The legal framework for local Governance. MLAs can propose amendments or assess the effectiveness of these laws in their states.

Public Works Department (PWD)

A government body is responsible for roads, buildings, and irrigation infrastructure. MLAs liaise with PWD for project approvals and monitoring.

Population Policy

Refers to measures taken to manage population growth. MLAs may support awareness campaigns or debate policies on family planning.

Pension Scheme

Welfare schemes provide regular financial aid to elderly, widows, and disabled individuals. MLAs ensure eligibility and disbursement processes are streamlined.

Parliamentary Constituency

Though MLAs are elected from Assembly constituencies, they often work with MPs representing overlapping Parliamentary constituencies.

Public Utility Services

Basic services like electricity, water, and sanitation. MLAs raise issues when there are disruptions or deficiencies in service delivery.

Police Reforms

Measures aimed at improving law enforcement accountability and efficiency. MLAs may demand reforms through Assembly debates or committee reports.

Power Sector Subsidy

Government aid to reduce electricity costs for farmers or BPL families. MLAs advocate for such subsidies in their constituencies.

Public Finance

Government revenue and expenditure. MLAs review state financial statements and demand fiscal transparency.

Political Party Whip

An order from a political party directing MLAs to vote a certain way. Violation may attract disqualification under the anti-defection law.

Poverty Line (Below Poverty Line – BPL)

An economic benchmark for targeted welfare delivery. MLAs assist in updating BPL lists and resolving beneficiary issues.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – Q

Question Hour

The first hour of a legislative sitting is during which MLAs ask ministers questions regarding the functioning of departments. It is a critical tool for legislative oversight.

Quorum

The minimum number of MLAs must be present for the Legislative Assembly to conduct official business. If a quorum is not met, the session is adjourned.

Question Notice

A formal submission by an MLA to raise a question in the Assembly. It must be submitted in advance and approved by the Speaker for inclusion.

Question Starred

A question for which an oral answer is expected. The MLA can ask supplementary questions based on the minister’s reply.

Question Unstarred

A written question that receives a written reply. No supplementary questions can be asked.

Question Supplementary

After receiving a reply to a starred question, the MLA asked a follow-up question. It allows deeper inquiry into the matter.

Question of Privilege

Raised by an MLA when there is a perceived breach of their privileges or rights as a legislator, such as misrepresentation in the media or disrespect from officials.

Quota (Reservation Quota)

Refers to allocating seats, jobs, or benefits to reserved categories (SC, ST, OBC, Women, etc.). MLAs debate and advocate for quota policies.

Quasi-Judicial Body

An organization with powers resembling those of a court. Examples include Lokayuktas, Human Rights Commissions, and State Election Commissions. MLAs refer to their findings or push for their establishment.

Quick Estimates (Economic Data)

Preliminary data used to analyze economic trends. MLAs may refer to these while debating budget or economic performance.

Quarantine Facility

Infrastructure created for isolating patients during disease outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19). MLAs monitor such facilities and raise concerns about their quality.

Quackery (Illegal Medical Practice)

Quarterly Performance Review

A review is conducted every quarter to assess the performance of departments or schemes. MLAs may demand such reviews to ensure accountability.

Qualified Majority

A type of voting that requires more than a simple majority, such as two-thirds of the members. MLAs may use or reference this in critical resolutions or amendments.

Quality of Education

A commonly raised issue in Assembly debates where MLAs push for improvements in teaching standards, infrastructure, and school digital access.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – R

Revenue Department

A key state department dealing with land records, tax collection, and administrative boundaries. MLAs engage with revenue officials on land and property-related issues.

Reservation (Caste/Category Quota)

A constitutionally mandated affirmative action system in education, jobs, and politics. MLAs actively participate in debates on the expansion or regulation of reservations.

Ration Card

A document used to access food grains through the Public Distribution System (PDS). MLAs help constituents with new applications or grievance redressals.

Right to Information (RTI)

A legal right allowing citizens to access government information. MLAs promote transparency and refer to RTI data in Assembly debates.

Right to Education (RTE)

A constitutional right ensuring free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14. MLAs monitor its implementation in their constituencies.

Rural Development Department

A state-level department that administers schemes related to housing, roads, sanitation, and poverty alleviation. MLAs ensure the execution of these projects.

Rural Infrastructure

Includes village roads, electricity, schools, and water supply. MLAs regularly raise concerns or propose improvements in Assembly sessions.

Revenue Deficit

When the government’s revenue expenditure exceeds its revenue receipts. MLAs raise this during budget discussions and call for fiscal prudence.

Redressal Mechanism

Institutional arrangements to address grievances related to public services. MLAs demand efficient redressal systems for timely solutions.

Raj Bhavan

The official residence of the Governor. MLAs interact with the Governor during swearing-ins, petitions, and constitutional consultations.

Revenue Surplus

When a state’s revenue receipts exceed its revenue expenditure. MLAs often highlight this as a positive performance indicator.

Recall of MLA (Debated Proposal)

A suggested but not enacted legal mechanism to remove a non-performing MLA before their term ends. Often discussed in political reforms.

Rural Electrification

Programs to provide electricity in villages. MLAs track the progress and escalate pending connection issues.

Road Connectivity Scheme

Projects under state or central plans (e.g., PMGSY) to improve rural/urban roads. MLAs propose roads and ensure timely execution.

Rehabilitation Policy

A policy for resetting displaced populations due to infrastructure, mining, or disaster. MLAs ensure fair compensation and relocation benefits.

Revenue Village

The smallest administrative unit for revenue purposes. MLAs often focus development efforts at the village level.

RTI Query

A formal application was filed under the Right to Information Act. MLAs may use RTI to uncover details on departmental lapses or irregularities.

Representation of the People Act (RPA)

The principal legislation governing the conduct of elections and qualifications of MLAs. It also covers grounds for disqualification.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – S

Speaker

The presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker regulates proceedings, maintains decorum, and ensures smooth legislative operations.

Session

A period during which the Legislative Assembly meets to conduct its business. Sessions are called by the Governor and include Budget, Monsoon, and Winter Sessions.

Starred Question

A question asked in the Assembly that requires an oral answer. The MLA may ask supplementary questions after the minister’s response.

Subsidy

State Budget

A comprehensive statement of the government’s financial plans for the upcoming year. MLAs discuss, debate, and vote on the budget and allocations.

Standing Committee

A permanent legislative committee that examines bills, policies, and departmental performance. MLAs are often members of such committees.

Supplementary Budget

A financial statement is presented when additional grants are needed beyond the annual budget. MLAs approve or debate these based on necessity.

SC/ST Welfare Department

A department dedicated to the upliftment of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. MLAs ensure the effective implementation of related schemes.

State Reorganization

The redrawing of state boundaries or the creation of new states. MLAs from affected regions play key roles in negotiations and resolutions.

Social Audit

A process to ensure public accountability in schemes like MGNREGA. MLAs encourage such audits to uncover irregularities and improve transparency.

Sub-Judice Matter

A matter under judicial consideration. MLAs are restricted from discussing such issues in the Assembly to maintain legal neutrality.

Shadow Cabinet (Opposition)

An informal group of opposition MLAs who track and critique the work of ministers in specific departments.

State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF)

A fund created for relief and rehabilitation following disasters. MLAs ensure equitable distribution and timely assistance.

Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

An area with special economic laws to attract investments. MLAs push for SEZs to boost employment and industrialization in their constituencies.

State Public Service Commission (SPSC)

A constitutional body that conducts recruitment for state services. MLAs raise concerns about fairness, exam schedules, and reservation policies.

State Subject

Matters listed under the State List in the Constitution (e.g., police, health, agriculture). MLAs have lawmaking authority over these subjects.

Sanitation Campaign

Programs under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or state initiatives promoting hygiene. MLAs play a critical role in awareness and implementation.

Skill Development Mission

Government efforts to equip youth with employable skills. MLAs coordinate with training centers and facilitate program rollouts.

State Election Commission

Conducts elections to local bodies like Panchayats and Municipalities. MLAs work closely with it during local polls.

State Finance Commission

A body that recommends distributing financial resources between the state government and local bodies. MLAs may use their findings in budget debates.

Slum Redevelopment

Programs aimed at upgrading housing for the urban poor. MLAs oversee resettlement, infrastructure, and beneficiary selection.

State Transport Undertaking (STU)

A state-run body providing public transportation. MLAs raise service quality, coverage, and budget issues for state buses.

Survey and Settlement

The process of documenting land boundaries and ownership. MLAs deal with land disputes and push for digital land records.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – T

Tenure (of MLA)

Tribunal

A quasi-judicial institution that settles specific disputes (e.g., land, taxation, environment). MLAs may refer constituents to relevant tribunals or propose their formation.

Transgender Welfare Scheme

State or central programs for the empowerment and inclusion of transgender persons. MLAs support implementation and awareness campaigns.

Tax Revenue

The government collects the income through taxes like VAT, GST (State share), excise, etc. MLAs analyze this during budget debates.

Training for MLAs (Capacity Building)

Programs aimed at educating MLAs on legislative procedure, legal literacy, and policy formulation for effective Governance.

Traffic Management

A growing concern in urban areas. MLAs raise congestion, infrastructure, safety, and signal optimization issues.

Tourism Development Corporation (State)

A public sector undertaking that promotes tourism. MLAs propose site development, heritage preservation, and eco-tourism initiatives.

Teacher Vacancy

Refers to unfilled teaching posts in government schools. MLAs raise this issue during education-related discussions and demand timely recruitment.

Transport Department

Handles public transport, vehicle registrations, and road safety. MLAs interact frequently for local issues like new bus routes or permits.

Toll Collection (Road Infrastructure)

Charges levied for use of highways or expressways. MLAs may raise questions on toll pricing, exemptions, or irregularities.

Technical Education

Includes polytechnics, ITIs, and engineering colleges. MLAs push for such institutions’ establishment, funding, and skill alignment.

Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP)

A budgetary provision to benefit Scheduled Tribes. MLAs from tribal regions ensure proper utilization and non-diversion of TSP funds.

Textbook Distribution

Free or subsidized textbooks are provided to students. MLAs monitor supply chain delays and ensure no constituency is left out.

Tenant Rights

Laws protect those who lease agricultural or residential land. MLAs often intervene in disputes or propose tenant welfare policies.

Tribal Welfare Department

A department focused on the upliftment of ST communities. MLAs ensure scholarships, hostels, and rights-based Governance reach beneficiaries.

Traditional Healers / Tribal Medicine

Indigenous medical practices. MLAs may advocate recognition, research support, or integration with public health systems.

Town Planning

Urban planning for growth and infrastructure. MLAs push for master plans, slum redevelopment, and zoning regulations in growing towns.

Telemedicine Services

Healthcare via digital platforms, especially in rural areas. MLAs support implementation and monitor connectivity or staffing issues.

Temporary Staff Regularization

The process of granting permanent status to long-serving contractual employees. MLAs take up this issue during labor rights debates.

Tapping of Borewells (Groundwater Regulation)

Regulation and licensing of borewells to prevent depletion. MLAs raise concerns in drought-prone or over-exploited regions.

Tariff (Electricity/Water)

Government-regulated pricing of utilities. MLAs demand subsidies or reforms based on the impact on poor and middle-income users.

Time Allocation in Assembly

The Business Advisory Committee decided to manage debates and bills. MLAs raise concerns when opposition voices are not given adequate time.

Temple Endowment Board

Bodies managing temple lands and funds. MLAs intervene in misuse cases or propose reforms for better transparency.

Transport Subsidy Scheme

Support for students, farmers, or industries through reduced transportation costs. MLAs recommend eligible beneficiaries.

Tenancy Reform Act

State-specific laws to protect the rights of tenants, especially in agriculture. MLAs advocate for its enforcement or amendment.

Teacher Transfer Policy

Rules governing the movement of teachers between schools. MLAs handle transfer requests and policy complaints from constituents.

Traffic Violation Management

Enforcement of road safety rules. MLAs propose stricter penalties or public awareness campaigns to reduce accidents.

Technology in Governance (e-Governance)

Use of ICT to improve service delivery. MLAs push for digitizing services like land records, health, and education.

Tribal Land Rights

Refers to land ownership and forest rights of indigenous communities under the Forest Rights Act. MLAs advocate for claim approvals and justice.

Tourist Police Scheme

A special unit to assist and protect tourists. MLAs propose deployment in heritage zones and tourist-heavy districts.

Township Development

Planning for integrated urban areas with housing, commerce, and services. MLAs seek support for such initiatives in growing constituencies.

Technical Cadre Recruitment

Hiring engineers, technicians, and other specialized staff for public works. MLAs raise vacancies and delay issues.

Tree Plantation Drive

Environmental initiative under urban forestry or Green India Mission. MLAs lead or monitor afforestation efforts.

Tanker Mafia (Water Supply)

Refers to illegal or monopolized private water supply networks. MLAs raise this in drought-affected or peri-urban regions.

Tenancy Certificate

Document recognizing the rights of tenants. MLAs assist in issuing crop loans, welfare scheme access, or dispute resolution.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – U

Urban Development Department

A state department is responsible for planning and improving urban infrastructure. MLAs interact with it to address issues in cities and towns, such as housing, drainage, and transport.

Unstarred Question

A question submitted by an MLA in writing, which receives a written reply. No supplementary questions can be asked in the House.

Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)

Municipal corporations, councils, and nagar panchayats manage urban Governance. MLAs collaborate with ULBs on development and funding.

Unemployment Allowance

A welfare scheme offering financial support to unemployed youth. MLAs advocate for timely registration and disbursal of this benefit.

Unorganized Sector

Includes daily-wage laborers, domestic workers, and others not covered by formal employment laws. MLAs push for social security schemes for this segment.

Universal Health Coverage (UHC)

The goal is to ensure that all citizens receive health services without experiencing financial hardship. MLAs support health infrastructure and insurance schemes aligned with UHC.

Urban Poverty Alleviation

Refers to programs targeting housing, livelihood, and sanitation for the urban poor. MLAs monitor implementation and propose slum rehabilitation.

Unauthorized Construction

Illegal buildings or land encroachments. MLAs raise concerns, demand surveys, or advocate for regularization policies.

Universal Primary Education

Ensures that all children can access free and compulsory education at the primary level. MLAs monitor school functioning and dropout rates.

Urban Employment Guarantee Scheme (State-level)

Some states have introduced MGNREGA-style schemes for urban job creation. MLAs push for funding and execution in their cities.

Urban Mobility Projects

Public transportation and traffic decongestion initiatives like metro rail and BRTS. MLAs play a role in approvals, land acquisition, and public feedback.

Urban Housing Scheme (PMAY-Urban)

A housing initiative for low-income urban families. MLAs facilitate applications, grievance redress, and allotment monitoring.

Unauthorized Colonies

Settlements not officially approved by planning authorities. MLAs advocate for regularization, basic services, and property rights for residents.

Utility Services

Basic public services like water, electricity, sanitation, and waste management. MLAs raise citizen complaints and request service improvements.

Urban Forestry

Planting and maintaining green spaces in urban areas. MLAs support plantation drives and push for funding under environmental schemes.

Urban Sanitation Policy

Framework for solid waste, sewage, and toilet infrastructure. MLAs push for better implementation of cleanliness and hygiene standards.

Urban Governance Reforms

Upgradation of Schools

Efforts to add classes, infrastructure, or new subjects to existing government schools. MLAs demand such upgrades to support local education needs.

Unlawful Assembly

A group of people gathered with intent to cause disturbance. MLAs may be involved in law and order debates around such incidents.

Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme (UIDSSMT)

A scheme under JNNURM (now AMRUT) for city-level infrastructure. MLAs track the projects sanctioned and monitor progress.

Urban Land Ceiling Act (Repealed/Modified in States)

Earlier laws limited landholding in cities. MLAs still debate its impact, legacy land issues, and redevelopment plans.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – V

Vote on Account

Voter Turnout

Village Panchayat

The grassroots level of the Panchayati Raj system. MLAs often coordinate with sarpanches for development projects and local Governance.

Vocational Training

Skill-based education focused on employability. MLAs promote vocational training centers and push for industry-aligned curricula.

Vehicle Emission Norms

Regulations to control air pollution from vehicles. MLAs raise concerns about pollution levels and enforcement of green mobility policies.

Veterinary Services

Essential for animal husbandry and rural livelihoods. MLAs raise issues about vet hospitals, mobile services, and livestock health schemes.

Village Development Committee

A local committee that monitors development works at the village level. MLAs support its formation and ensure it reflects social diversity.

Vigilance Department

A government body investigating corruption and misconduct. MLAs may demand probes or raise vigilance reports during Assembly sessions.

Voter ID Correction Drive

Campaigns to help citizens correct errors in their electoral rolls. MLAs often coordinate or promote such drives in their constituencies.

Vocational Education in Schools

Integration of practical skill education in secondary schools. MLAs support policies that encourage employability through school curricula.

Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND)

A monthly outreach program under the National Health Mission. MLAs promote community participation and monitor the delivery of maternal-child health services.

Vulnerable Sections

Social groups facing systemic exclusion (e.g., SCs, STs, minorities, differently-abled). MLAs advocate for targeted schemes and protections.

Vaccine Distribution

Refers to the delivery of immunizations (COVID-19, polio, etc.). MLAs monitor vaccine stock, cold chain logistics, and local accessibility.

Village Sanitation Plan

Blueprint for toilet construction, waste disposal, and hygiene promotion. MLAs oversee Swachh Bharat implementation at the village level.

Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS)

An option for government employees to retire early. MLAs raise constituent concerns about VRS terms, especially in PSU downsizing.

Vikas Yatra

A political or administrative tour to showcase development works. MLAs use such platforms to engage with the public and review projects.

Voter Awareness Campaign (SVEEP)

Systematic Voters’ Education and Electoral Participation program by the Election Commission. MLAs collaborate for outreach and increased participation.

Village Resource Center (VRC)

ICT-enabled service centers offering tele-education, telemedicine, and e-governance. MLAs advocate for their expansion in remote areas.

Village Electrification

Ensuring 24×7 power to rural areas under Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana. MLAs raise connection delays and outages in Assembly debates.

Violence Against Women (VAW)

A critical issue MLAs raise is strengthening police response, victim support systems, and preventive community programs.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – W

Welfare Scheme

A government initiative aimed at improving the well-being of specific sections of the population (e.g., BPL, women, elderly, farmers). MLAs ensure proper implementation and reach in their constituencies.

Ward Committee

A local governance body functioning under municipal corporations, helping decentralize planning and monitoring at the ward level. MLAs coordinate with corporators and ward committees for local issues.

Women and Child Development Department (WCD)

A key department that manages nutrition, safety, and empowerment programs for women and children. MLAs monitor Anganwadi centers and related schemes.

Water Supply and Sanitation

The state provides critical infrastructure services. MLAs address water scarcity, pipeline damage, or unsafe drinking water complaints.

Widow Pension Scheme

Financial assistance is provided to widows from poor households. MLAs help facilitate beneficiary registration and resolve payment delays.

Wage Employment Scheme (MGNREGA)

Offers guaranteed rural employment. MLAs ensure the availability of work and wage payments and address corruption in job card issuance.

Waste Management

It involves collecting, segregating, and disposing of solid and liquid waste. MLAs support funding for waste treatment plants and cleanliness drives.

Water Harvesting

A sustainable solution to water scarcity through rainwater collection. MLAs promote their integration into government buildings and local housing schemes.

Women’s Reservation

Reserved seats for women in Panchayats and Municipalities. MLAs may support or debate expanding reservation to State Assemblies.

Water Resources Department

Manages irrigation projects, dams, canals, and groundwater. MLAs propose minor irrigation works and monitor water distribution equity.

Waqf Board

A statutory body managing Muslim religious endowments. MLAs interact with the Board for resolving property issues and community development initiatives.

Writ Petition

A legal remedy that citizens can file in High Courts or the Supreme Court. MLAs often refer to essential writs while debating governance reforms.

Working Women’s Hostel

Government-supported housing for employed women. MLAs advocate for more hostels to support women in urban areas.

Watershed Development

A rural development strategy focusing on soil and water conservation. MLAs support such projects for drought-prone or tribal areas.

Welfare State

A concept where the government plays a proactive role in ensuring social equity. MLAs support policies aligned with welfare economics.

Water User Associations (WUA)

Community-level institutions for managing water distribution in irrigation projects. MLAs promote WUA formation for participatory water governance.

Wildlife Conservation (State Forest Department)

MLAs from forested areas raise concerns about deforestation and human-animal conflict and demand compensation for crop/life loss.

Ward Delimitation

Redrawing ward boundaries within urban local bodies for elections. MLAs demand fair representation and clarity in delimitation exercises.

Women’s Helpline (181 / One Stop Center)

Emergency and support services for women in distress. MLAs review effectiveness and campaign for awareness in rural and urban areas.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – X

Xenophobia (Social Harmony Concern)

Fear or dislike of people from other states, regions, or countries. MLAs speak against xenophobic tendencies to promote unity and uphold constitutional values of equality and fraternity.

X-Roads (Infrastructure Planning)

Critical traffic intersections are often prone to congestion or accidents. MLAs raise urban planning concerns and push for flyovers, signals, or redesigning busy crossroads in their constituencies.

XML Data Format (E-Governance Standards)

Extensible Markup Language used for data sharing across platforms. MLAs involved in tech-based governance reforms support adopting standardized data formats for government transparency.

X-Ray Units (Healthcare Infrastructure)

Essential diagnostic units in government hospitals and PHCs. MLAs demand installation or repair of X-ray machines, especially in rural and tribal areas.

X-Category Security

A level of security detail is provided to individuals under threat perception. While not common, MLAs may be accorded this category based on security assessment by the state.

Xenogenic Crops (Biotechnology Debate)

Genetically modified crops contain genes from different species. MLAs may participate in debates on agricultural innovation versus ecological safety and farmer rights.

X-Axis Development (GIS Mapping/Urban Planning)

Used metaphorically in data visualization or spatial mapping of development indicators. MLAs engage with such digital tools during presentations or constituency planning.

X-Quota (Experimental Reservation or Pilot Policy)

Sometimes used informally to describe pilot reservation quotas or experimental allocations (e.g., transgender people, nomadic tribes). MLAs may raise such pilot schemes in the Assembly for broader implementation.

X-Factor in Elections

An informal term denotes unpredictable or influential factors (e.g., swing votes, youth vote, caste equations). MLAs factor this in during constituency strategy planning.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – Y

Youth Empowerment Scheme

Government initiatives aimed at equipping youth with education, skills, employment, or entrepreneurship support. MLAs promote these schemes locally and push for increased budget allocations.

Youth Parliament

A model legislative session is conducted in educational institutions to teach students about parliamentary procedures. MLAs often participate in or support such programs to build political awareness among youth.

Youth Welfare Department

A state department focusing on sports, youth engagement, and development programs. MLAs work with it to organize youth events, training, and fellowships.

Yatra (Political/Developmental Tours)

A mass contact campaign, either political (e.g., election outreach) or administrative (e.g., development yatra). MLAs often organize or accompany these to assess field-level implementation.

Youth Hostels

Affordable accommodation facilities for traveling students and youth groups. MLAs may propose setting up or upgrading such hostels in educational hubs or tourist regions.

Yuva Mitra (Youth Volunteer Program)

Volunteer initiatives aimed at involving youth in community service. MLAs support such initiatives for awareness drives, election duties, or disaster response.

Yoga Day (International and State Observance)

MLAs often participate in International Yoga Day events and support yoga camps in schools and community centers to promote wellness.

Youth Entrepreneurship Program

Skill and capital support schemes for young entrepreneurs. MLAs advocate for incubation centers, startup grants, and ease-of-doing-business initiatives in their constituencies.

Yuva Shakti (Youth Power)

A political or administrative slogan used in policies and programs focused on harnessing the energy and innovation of youth. MLAs use such slogans to drive community participation.

Yojana (Government Scheme)

The Hindi term for “scheme” or “plan.” In their speeches and proposals, MLAs often refer to various central and state “Yojanas” (e.g., PM Awas Yojana, Krishi Yojana).

Yardstick Allocation (Resource Distribution Norm)

A method of allocating government funds or services based on predefined criteria like population, area, or poverty index. MLAs analyze or contest allocations under these norms.

Yamuna Action Plan (State-Specific Example)

A river cleanup initiative in Northern India. MLAs from river basin constituencies raise concerns on pollution control and rejuvenation measures.

Youth Exchange Programs (Domestic or International)

Initiatives aimed at exposing youth to new cultures, administrative practices, or skill sets. MLAs may nominate deserving candidates from their constituencies.

Year-End Utilization Review

A review of fund utilization and scheme performance before the financial year closes. MLAs participate in or demand performance audits.

Youth Skill Mapping

A database of youth skills to match them with employment opportunities. MLAs support surveys and digital platforms for real-time workforce development.

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) Glossary – Z

Zero Hour

A parliamentary device where MLAs can raise urgent public matters without prior notice, typically after Question Hour. It allows spontaneous legislative intervention on pressing issues.

Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)

A budgeting method where each expenditure must be justified from scratch rather than being based on past figures. MLAs advocate for or critique its application in state budgets.

Zonal Development Plan

A detailed regional plan under master planning for cities. MLAs engage with municipal authorities to influence zoning, land use, and local infrastructure priorities.

Zonal Councils

Statutory bodies promoting interstate cooperation (e.g., Northern Zonal Council). MLAs may contribute suggestions via state governments on border issues, water sharing, etc.

Zilla Parishad

The district-level tier of the Panchayati Raj system. MLAs collaborate with Zilla Parishads to plan and oversee district-level development.

Z+ Security

The highest level of security is provided to select individuals, including politicians, based on threat perception. It is rare for MLAs but often discussed in political and media discourse.

Zebra Crossing Safety

Though minor, MLAs often raise pedestrian safety issues in urban areas, including demand for functional zebra crossings and traffic enforcement.

Zonal Transport Office (ZTO)

Regional transport offices within zones that manage vehicle registration, permits, and licensing. MLAs intervene in resolving transport delays and public grievances.

Zoonotic Diseases

Diseases transmitted from animals to humans (e.g., bird flu, COVID-19 origin theories). MLAs raise awareness and demand stronger animal health services in affected regions.

Zero Defect, Zero Effect (ZED)

A government initiative promoting quality manufacturing with minimal environmental impact. MLAs encourage MSMEs to adopt ZED certification for local industrial growth.

Zilla Udyog Kendra (District Industries Centre)

Facilitates local entrepreneurship and industrial promotion. MLAs propose strengthening such centers for youth and women-led businesses.

Zero Waste Policy

An urban policy goal aiming for minimal landfill dependence. MLAs may push for waste segregation at source, recycling infrastructure, and decentralized waste management.

Zinc Supplementation (Health/Nutrition Programs)

Part of child and maternal nutrition programs. MLAs monitor supply and health worker outreach in ICDS/Anganwadi centers.

Zone of Influence (Constituency Planning)

Used metaphorically in political mapping or campaign strategy, denoting an MLA’s key support areas or swing zones during elections.

Zero Emission Transport

Refers to electric vehicles and non-polluting transit systems. MLAs may push for subsidies, charging infrastructure, and green transport policies in their states.

Conclusion

The MLA Glossary A to Z is a comprehensive tool designed to empower those involved in legislative Governance with a clearer understanding of the institutional vocabulary and on-ground dynamics that shape public policy and representation at the state level in India.

As India continues to evolve as the world’s largest democracy, MLAs’ role will remain indispensable in championing local development, addressing constituency needs, and navigating the complexities of Governance and legislation. By providing a structured and accessible glossary, this resource aims to strengthen legislative literacy, improve civic engagement, and support more informed decision-making within and beyond the Assembly floor.

Whether used for orientation programs, policymaking support, or educational outreach, this glossary reinforces the importance of knowledge of governance terminology for effective democratic leadership.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the primary role of an MLA in India?

An MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly) represents a state-level constituency and is responsible for lawmaking, overseeing government functioning, approving the state budget, and addressing local development issues.

What is the difference between a starred and an unstarred question in the Assembly?

A starred question requires an oral answer and allows supplementary questions, whereas an unstarred question is answered in writing and does not allow follow-ups.

What is the significance of Zero Hour in the Legislative Assembly?

Zero Hour is immediately after Question Hour, during which MLAs can raise urgent matters without prior notice.

What is the MLALAD Scheme?

The MLA Local Area Development Scheme allows MLAs to recommend specific development projects using allocated government funds in their constituencies.

What are Standing Committees, and how do they help MLAs?

Standing Committees are permanent legislative bodies where MLAs examine bills, policies, and departmental performance in detail.

What does the term ‘Vote on Account’ mean in state budgeting?

It is a temporary financial arrangement allowing the government to withdraw funds to cover essential expenses until the full budget is passed.

How does an MLA help implement welfare schemes?

MLAs monitor, support, and troubleshoot the implementation of schemes related to health, education, housing, pensions, and agriculture in their constituencies.

What is the purpose of the Question Hour?

It is the first Hour of every legislative session where MLAs can question ministers about departmental functioning and accountability.

What is the importance of the Constituency Development Fund?

It enables MLAs to initiate infrastructure and welfare projects in their respective areas, such as roads, lights, and water supply systems.

What does ‘Ordinance’ mean in state governance?

An Ordinance is a law enacted by the Governor when the Assembly is not in session, subject to later approval by the Assembly.

How do MLAs contribute to budget debates?

MLAs analyze department-wise allocations, demand better resource distribution, and highlight discrepancies during the annual state budget presentation.

What is a Motion of No Confidence?

A formal motion moved by the opposition indicated that the current government no longer has the support of the majority in the Assembly.

What is the role of MLAs in Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies?

MLAs coordinate with Zilla Parishads, municipalities, and panchayats to implement local development schemes and rural governance.

What is meant by the term ‘Quorum’ in Assembly proceedings?

Quorum is the minimum number of MLAs required to be present to conduct legislative business. Without a quorum, proceedings are suspended.

What kind of issues can MLAs raise through Calling Attention or Adjournment Motions?

These motions can raise urgent public issues such as law and order, natural calamities, or administrative failure.

How do MLAs ensure grievance redressal for constituents?

MLAs escalate unresolved public service issues to relevant departments, organize Janata Darbars and track service delivery.

What is a Private Member’s Bill?

It is a bill introduced by an MLA who is not a minister. These bills often propose reforms or draw attention to important public matters.

How do MLAs participate in disaster management and relief?

MLAs coordinate with district officials, ensure equitable aid distribution, and monitor the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) utilization.

What is the purpose of the State Finance Commission, and how does it affect MLAs?

It recommends financial devolution to local bodies. MLAs use its recommendations to demand fair fund allocation to panchayats and municipalities.

How do MLAs engage with youth and women empowerment programs?

MLAs promote schemes related to skill development, education, entrepreneurship, SHGs, and hostels for youth and women, especially in underserved areas.

Published On: May 26th, 2025 / Categories: Political Marketing /

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